There is a plaque with the name of Sheikh Şâzelî written on the coffee houses of almost all the lodges affiliated with various sects in Istanbul.
Our shop opens every morning with Bismillah
Hazrat Shazelî is our master and master.
This coffee is such a coffee that those who are calm and peaceful
should never suffer.
Her sabah besmeleyle açılır dükkânımız
Hazret-i Şâzelî’dir pîrimiz üstâdımız.
Bu kahve öyle bir kahvedir ki, her usûlü ha safa içinde,
sakin olanlar çekmesin asla cefa.
(coffehouse by Presiozi)
Mavi Boncuk |
As in many other subjects, when studying coffee culture and especially coffeehouses in the Ottoman Empire, the capital city, that is, Istanbul, is taken as the basis. The most documents available to historians on this subject are about coffeehouses in Istanbul. One of these is Tarih-i Peçevi, written by İbrahim Peçevi Efendi, one of the Ottoman historians. In his work, Peçevi states that the first coffeehouses opened in Istanbul were opened around Tahtakale in 1554 by Hakem, a merchant from Aleppo, and Şems from (Damascus) Şam.
Of course, we do not have a clear document about the date given by Peçevi, and the basis here is nothing other than Peçevi's words.
“They opened a big shop in Tahtakale and started coffee shops. Many elegant, self-indulgent, naive, especially literate people gather here. Some read books, some play backgammon, some are immersed in chess. The nevgüfte ghazals brought by some people lead to conversations about art. Those who spend many coins and stamps to bring friends together and celebrate now come together here by paying a coin or two for coffee. Everyone except kadis, professors, bachelors, dismissed civil servants, in short, state officials, says "There is no place to have fun and relax like this" and throws the lid here. So that; “Sometimes there is not even a place to sit or stand in coffeehouses.”
“Bunlar Tahtakale’de bir büyük dükkan açıp kahvefüruşluk’a başlamışlar. Keyiflerine düşkün kimi yaranı safa özellikle okur-yazar makulesinden nice zarifler buralarda toplanır. Kimi kitap okur, kimi tavla oynar, kimi satranca gömülür. Kimilerinin getirdiği nevgüfte gazeller ise sanat üzerine konuşmalara yol açar. Dostları bir araya getirmek için nice akçeler ve pullar sarfedip şölen yapanlar artık burda bir-iki akçe kahve parası vermekle bir araya gelir oldular. Kadılar, müderrisler, bekarlar, işten atılmış memurlar, kısacası devlet büyükleri dışında herkes “Böyle eğlenecek ve gönül dinlenecek yer olmaz” deyip kapağı buraya atarlar. Öyle ki; kimi zaman kahvehanelerde oturacak ve duracak yer bile bulunmaz.”
The important point is the fact that coffee entered the Islamic world for the first time through Aden/Yemen. It is said that the coffee is drunk especially among the Sufis here because it keeps the mind awake, according to Şazelî Sheikh Ali b. Omar (d.828/1425) or the famous jurist Muhammad b. It is stated that it was brought by Saîd ez-Zebhani (d.875/1470). In fact, it is known that coffee, whose consumption was popularized by some Sufis, aims to keep the disciples fit and not sleep during dhikr assemblies and prayers at night.
However, Ebü'l-Hasan Ali Eş-Şâzelî was accepted as the master of coffee shops in Istanbul folklore due to some rumors regarding the origin of coffee. He was born in 593 (1197) in Gumâre, near the city of Sebte (Ceuta), located in the westernmost region of North Africa. Ebü'l-Hasan al-Şâzelî did not leave any book behind, and when he was asked why he did not write a book on divine secrets and other sciences, he replied, "My books are my friends and disciples."
According to Katip Çelebi's narration, Sheikh Şazeli boiled and drank the coffee beans given to him while he and his disciple Sheikh Ahmed were chatting on the way to pilgrimage in 1258. For this reason, Sheikh Şazeli is considered a "pir" by the coffee shop owners. Depending on this acceptance, the kurukahve shopkeepers of Istanbul kept the "Ya Hazreti Şeyh Şazeli" signs in their shops until the last periods of the Ottoman Empire. Again, it was a sect tradition that almost all the lodges affiliated with various sects in Istanbul had a plaque with Sheikh Şâzelî's name written on their coffee houses, and that the dervishes preparing coffee would turn to the Şâzeliyye pir while waking up the stove and putting the coffee pot on the stove.
In 1568, coffeehouses in Eyüp, Galata and Istanbul were considered to be the same as taverns. It was banned and coffee stocks were burned. Peçevi does not oppose the closure of coffee houses. In back streets, behind some shops, coffeehouses called "koltuk kahvesi / seat coffeehouse" are being run that leading statesmen even established coffeehouses for income and that it is recorded that they receive a daily rent of one or two gold coins each.
However, the number of coffeehouses continued to increase day by day. While it is stated that there were 50 coffeehouses in Istanbul in the last periods of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, this number increased in the 16th century. It reached six hundred at the end of the XIX century.. At the beginning of the century, it reached up to 2,500. Coffeehouses, whose importance increased both in number and reputation, managed to be included in the existing cultural and social life over time. It has become a place where culture is produced and consumed. It continued its existence by undergoing many changes. Although it included only male social activities, it constituted an important part of public life in the Ottoman city. The coffee house, which was seen as a marginal innovation at first, soon became normalized and became a central position meeting the economic, social and cultural needs of the society.
Venetian merchants, who tasted coffee in coffeehouses in Istanbul, took coffee to Venice in 1615. The first "coffeehouse" in Europe opened in Venice in 1645. The first person to introduce coffee to Paris was Hoşsohbet Süleyman Ağa, whom Sultan Mehmet IV sent as an ambassador to France in 1669. This ambassador, true to his name, captured the minds of Paris society with the 'magic drink' he took with him. And in 1686, the first coffeehouse in France was opened under the name "Café de Procope". This coffeehouse called Café de Procope, which quickly became the center of Paris intellectual life, is the place where many famous intellectuals such as Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot tasted coffee for the first time. It is the birthplace of the 'Encyclopedia'. The story of the legendary Vienna cafes begins with 400 bags of coffee beans left behind by the Ottoman army after the Siege of Vienna.
The British were first introduced to coffee by Turks who visited Oxford University in 1637. England's first coffeehouse was opened in Oxford in 1650 under the name Angel. Two years later, a former Istanbul Armenian opened the first coffeehouse in London and started selling Turkish coffee. Coffee first came to North America, which is the largest consumption market in the world today, in 1668. The continent's first coffeehouse was "The King's Arms" cafe, opened in New York in 1668. In the 1770s, Portuguese traders brought the first coffees to Brazil, which is today the world's largest coffee producer.
Sheikh Şazili Tekke/Brother Lodge
It is behind Unkapanı Tekel Building. The Şazili Sect, which we have previously encountered in the description of the Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque in Beşiktaş, is a very old sect. The sect is based on Sheikh Şazili, who was the 9th among the 12 hide holders in the Hacı Bektaşi Veli dervish lodge. (Kahveci Postu) It is "Sheikh Şazili" who first discovered coffee in Moka in Arabia. (Sheikh Şazili's name in long spelling... "Ebul Hasan Ali Bin Abdullah Abdulcabbar el Şerif el Zarcilli") The sect founded by Sheikh Şazili became very widespread within the Ottoman Empire, and in this way, coffee spread throughout the Ottoman geography (Europe).
“The exact construction date of the lodge built by Ahmed Halil Ağa is not known. Since the Sheikh died at the beginning of the century, it is understood that it was built during this period. It is also mentioned in the sources with names such as "Balmumcu Şeyh Seyyid Ahmed Lodge* or "Şem'İ Şeyh Ahmed Lodge". The lodge was destroyed by a fire, and as understood from the repair inscription dated 1886-87, it was rebuilt by Abdulhamid II. The sections of the lodge, which continued its activities until 1925, except for the Tevhidhane, disappeared over time. The masjid-tevhidhane was left neglected and was used as the Zeyrek Sports Club club for a while. With the efforts of Fatih Mufti and philanthropists, it was reopened for worship in Ramadan in 1989. The walls of the rectangular planned mosque are made of stone and brick and its roof is wooden. There is a wooden dome in the middle of the ceiling, hidden under the roof.”
The Shop Walls Talk
Tradesmanship in Turkiye was nourished by the Ahi tradition,[1] which has been rooted in honesty and the importance given to sweat, exalting brotherhood and opposing unfair competition.
Here are some sayings that decorate the walls of tradesmen's shops in Anatolia and express the values of the Ahi tradition in a poetically beautiful way.
Cook shop: Until the taste of every food (food) comes out of the mind (brain), Those who don't know the right to salt and bread will (eventually) disappear from their eyes. | |Her taamın (yiyeceğin) lezzeti ta ki dimağdan (beyinden) çıkar, Tuz ekmek hakkını bilmeyen akıbet(sonunda) gözden çıkar. Fishmonger: I am addicted to the people of love, I need profit, I have no goods or property, but I have my opinion.|Ehl-i aşka müptelayım(tutkunum) nemelazım kâr benim, Mal ve mülküm yoktur amma kanaatim var benim.Halva shop: I wandered around the world and could not find a crown for my head, I saw neither full nor hungry on the curve. Dolandım misl-i cihan bulamadım başıma bir tane tac, Ne eğride tok gördüm ne doğruda aç.
Sweet shop:
Plain rice is not worth it, honey is needed for the cauldron, Father's wealth runs out quickly, a child is needed for the cauldron.
Sade pirinç zerde olmaz bal gerektir kazgana (kazana), Baba malı tez tükenir, evlat gerek kazana.
Barbershop:
Our shop opens with Bismillah every morning. Hazrat Salman Pak is our master and master. You can't open a shop just by talking, don't worry in vain Even if Selman-ı Pâk comes, shaving will not be free.
Her seherde besmeleyle açılır dükkanımız, Hazret-i Selman Pak’tır pîrimiz üstadımız. Lâfla dükkân açılmaz, boş yere etme telâş Selmân-ı Pâk de gelse parasız olmaz tıraş.
Hammam/Bathouse:Let the one who comes come with happiness, May those who leave go in peace.
Gelen gelsin saadetle, Giden gitsin selametle.
Woodshop:You have come to pleasure, O guest, order us a coffee, There is no chatting with the worker, just say hello and move on.
Sefa geldin ey müsafir, ısmarla kahve içelim, İşçi ile sohbet olmaz, bir merhaba der geçelim.
Generally in shops:
The door of the shop is the door of God, pray to God, it is like my fountain (my tears), its fountains drip even if they don't flow.
Dükkân kapusu Hak kapusu, Hakkına yalvar, Çeşmim (gözyaşım) gibidir akmasa da damlar.
Even though He deems loyalty worthy of man, Allah is the Helper of disgust for the truthful.
Insana sadakat yaraşır görse de ikrah Yardımcısıdır doğruların Hazreti Allah.
Our shop opens every morning with the Bismillah. We believe in God, our glory is Muslim. If there is a curve, it is on us, the truth is of course yours. There is no cheating or scrap, our property is halal. Our customers are our benefactors, our benefit is our half. Too much of it causes harm, our profit is contentment.
Her sabah Besmeleyle açılır dükkânımız. Hakk’a iman ederiz, Müslümandır şanımız. Eğrisi varsa bizden, doğrusu elbet sizin. Hilesi hurdası yok, helalinden malımız. Müşterilerimiz velinimet, yaranımız yarimiz.
Ziyadesi zarar verir, kanaattir kârımız.
Those who are not aware of science and art will be hungry, He remains bankrupt and obsolete, dependent on everyone.
İlim ve sanattan haberdar olmayanlar aç olur, Müflis ve bîvâye kalur, herkese muhtaç olur.
[1]Ahilik is a tradesman solidarity organization founded by Ahi Evran with the advice of Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli. It is an organization that ensures that the Muslim Turkmen people, originally from Khorasan and living in Anatolia during the Seljuk and Ottoman periods, are trained in various professional fields such as art, commerce and economy, educates them both economically and morally, and organizes their working life based on good human virtues. They have their own rules and boards. Ahi Order, which has a similar function to today's chambers of tradesmen, is a socio-economic order where good morals, truthfulness, brotherhood, helpfulness, in short, all good virtues come together.
The Ahi organization is based on a 3-degree order. Each gate contains three degrees. These degrees are listed as follows:\
The Shop Walls Talk
However, Ebü'l-Hasan Ali Eş-Şâzelî was accepted as the master of coffee shops in Istanbul folklore due to some rumors regarding the origin of coffee. He was born in 593 (1197) in Gumâre, near the city of Sebte (Ceuta), located in the westernmost region of North Africa. Ebü'l-Hasan al-Şâzelî did not leave any book behind, and when he was asked why he did not write a book on divine secrets and other sciences, he replied, "My books are my friends and disciples."
It is behind Unkapanı Tekel Building. The Şazili Sect, which we have previously encountered in the description of the Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque in Beşiktaş, is a very old sect. The sect is based on Sheikh Şazili, who was the 9th among the 12 hide holders in the Hacı Bektaşi Veli dervish lodge. (Kahveci Postu) It is "Sheikh Şazili" who first discovered coffee in Moka in Arabia. (Sheikh Şazili's name in long spelling... "Ebul Hasan Ali Bin Abdullah Abdulcabbar el Şerif el Zarcilli") The sect founded by Sheikh Şazili became very widespread within the Ottoman Empire, and in this way, coffee spread throughout the Ottoman geography (Europe).
No comments:
Post a Comment