Profile | Reşid Rahmeti Arat (1900-1964)

Mavi Boncuk |

Reşid Rahmeti Arat, originally named Gabdurraşid Rachmatullin, was born on 15 May 1900, the son of Gabdurraşid İsmetullin and Mahpeyker, in the village of Eski Ücüm, which lies approximately 50 km northwest of Kazan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. Between 1906 and 1910 he attended primary school in Eski Ücüm, and then went to secondary school in Kızılyar (Petropavlovsk) from 1910–3. He took Russian lessons privately in 1913–4, attended a business school in 1914–5.

When there was a revolution in Russia, he was taken from the senior high school and trained in a military school, and then he was sent to the front. He was transferred to the city of Harbin, Manchuria, as injured in 1919. There, he participated in many social activities in Kazan Turks Association and participated in the publication of various magazines. Meanwhile, he finished high school (1921). He went to Berlin in 1922, where he enrolled at the Faculty of Philosophy. Prof. He attended Willy Bang's Turcology classes. He took active roles in Turkish student associations in Berlin. He wrote many articles in Yana National Yul, which was published under the administration of Ayaz İshakî from Kazan. He completed his doctorate in 1927 and became the lecturer of Northern Turkish at the Oriental Languages ​​School. That same year, Dr. He married Râbia. He entered the Berlin Academy of Sciences in 1928 as a scientific assistant. In 1931, he became an associate professor at the Berlin University School of Eastern Languages.

on university reform in Turkey in 1933 by the Ministry of Education he was invited to Turkey and Istanbul University Faculty of Literature was professor of Turkish Language and Literature Department. He was elected a member of the Turkish Historical Society in 1942. Between 1940 and 1950 he was the director of the Institute of Turkic Studies. He taught as a visiting professor at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London in 1949-1951. On April 26, 1958, ordinarius became professor. He died in Istanbul on November 29, 1964.

Turkish Turcologist who's best known historical dialects Rashid mercy of both the current dialect called, has pioneered the comparative Turcology research in established settlements in Turkey. He made great efforts to publish the Encyclopedia of Islam, which has an important place in Turkish science life, through translation and copyright, and in the last years of his life, he founded the Turkish Culture Research Institute with his close friends and donated his books to this institute.

Works. Reşit Rahmeti Arat has more than 220 articles and works, most of which belong to his youth. The texts that shed light on the historical grammar of Turkish and especially the texts belonging to Old Uyghur Turkish constitute the focus of his studies. Work is possible to classify in the following way: solutions and publication of texts written in the letters library Uighurs based in Europe and Turkey; Articles, papers and books on the historical development of Turkish written language; His writings and management in the Islamic Encyclopedia.

Among the works of RR Arat, Die Hilfsverben und Verbaladverbien im Altaischen (Ungarische Jahrbücher, VIII-I-4, Berlin 1928), which he prepared as his doctoral dissertation, is the most important PhD dissertation on Turkish language at the University of Berlin, after Yakup Şinkeviç's Rabguzi's Syntax. It is a study and it is a scientific work at a high level required by basic studies for Turkish language research. His publications on some texts written in Uighur, which he found and extracted from Istanbul libraries, revealed that Anatolian Turks knew and used the Uighur script, and that the alphabet of this writing system was found in some libraries. "Uygur Alphabet" (Muallim Cevdet, His Life, Works and Library, Istanbul 1937, p. 20-26) and "Fatih Sultan Mehmed's Yarlığı" (TM, VI [1939], 285-322 + 20) draws attention in this respect. writings. In his article titled "On the Terms of Uyghurs" (TM, VII-VIII [1942], p. 56-81), he studied and revealed the method of making the terms Uyghurs. The last of his works on Uyghur is Old Turkish Poetry (Ankara 1965, 1986). This work, which is one of the most important works on Turkish poetry, consists of four sections titled "Works Written in the Mani Neighborhood", "Works Written in the Burkan Neighborhood", "Works Written in the Islamic Neighborhood" and "Parts of Nazım".

Although Kutadgu Bilig has been handled by W. Radloff and H. Vámbéry until that day, not enough studies have been done on it. Reşit Rahmeti Arat published his work on the work in two volumes (I, Metin, Istanbul 1947, 1979; II, Tercüme, Ankara 1959, 1974, 1985), and came up with new ideas by trying to penetrate the period in which the work was written. In addition, his students Kemal Eraslan, Osman F. Sertkaya and Nuri Yüce completed the other part of the processed material, which includes the letters A and B, regarding the dictionary part of Kutadgu Bilig, which is among the documents he left (Kutadgu Bilig, III, İndeks, Istanbul 1979). After Kutadgu Bilig, he also prepared Atebetü'l-hakāyık for publication (Istanbul 1951). R. R. Arat constantly focused on the idea of ​​what can be the basis of Turkish language research with the papers he presented to various congresses. “Uyghur Period Turkish” (Second Turkish Language Congress, 1934), “Development of Turkish Language” (3rd History Congress Papers, Ankara 1948, p. 598-611), “On the Historical Development of Written Language in Anatolia” (V. Türk His papers titled History Congress Papers, Ankara 1956, pp. 225-232) filled a big gap in this field. His most remarkable work on history is the Memoir of Vekayi Babur (I-II, Ankara 1943-1946). The most important part of the work is the 100-page notes added to the end.

Arat gave lessons in Uighur, following the method of W. Bang in the field of teaching, its continuation Taranci dialect - the dialect that connects Eastern Turkish with the closest connection to the old language - and Kazakh from the Kipchak group. as comparative information for the Turcology methodical thesis commissioned by the university called on Turkey which also occupy a checksum.

Other published works are: Die Legende von Oghuz Qagan (Berlin 1932). Bang with this work published by W. Arata Turkey has released a second time to turn Türkçesi (Oguz Kagan Legend, Istanbul 1936, 1988). Türkische Turfan-Texte VI. Das Buddhistische Sutra Säkiz Yükmäk (with W. Bang and A. von Gabain, Berlin 1934); Türkische Turfan-Texte VII (Berlin 1936); “Classification of Turkish Şîves” (TM, X [1953], p. 59-138); “Old Turkish Legal Documents” (TKA, I / 1 [1964], p. 5-53); Articles (I, ed. O. F. Sertkaya, Ankara 1987); Eastern Turkish Texts (ed. O. F. Sertkaya, Ankara 1987).

Muharrem Ergin, “Reşid Rahmeti Arat’ın Eserleri: Doğumunun 60. Yıldönümü Münasebetiyle”, TDED, XI (1961), s. 1-10.

a.mlf., “Reşid Rahmeti Arat 1900-1964”, TK, sy. 27 (1965), s. 3-16.

a.mlf., “Reşid Rahmeti Arat (15.5.1900 - 29.11.1964)”, Reşid Rahmeti Arat İçin, Ankara 1966, s. IX-XIV.

a.mlf., “Reşid Rahmeti Arat’ın Eserleri (1918-1965)”, a.e., s. XV-XVIII.

a.mlf. – A. Temir, “Reşid Rahmeti Arat’ın Hayatı ve Eserleri Üzerine Bibliyografya”, a.e., s. XIX-XXX.

Saadet Çağatay, “Reşid Rahmeti Arat (15.5.1900-29.11.1964)”, TTK Belleten, XXIX/113 (1965), s. 177-193.

Osman F. Sertkaya, “Ölümünün 15. yıl dönümünde Ord.Prof.Dr. Reşid Rahmeti Arat (15.5.1900-29.11.1964) ve eserleri”, TK, XVIII/211-214 (1980), s. 10-16.

Fahir İz, “Arat”, EI2 Suppl. (İng.), s. 82.