The forest fire that started in Istanbul Heybeliada in the evening hours, was taken under control 3 hours later with the intense efforts of the teams and the people of the island. The Governorate announced that the fire started at two different points and a large-scale investigation was launched.
fire.Mavi Boncuk |
Yangın: fire[1] EN; fromTR yan+gIn → yan-
Oldest source: "ateş, hararet" [ Hızır Paşa, Müntehab-ı Şifa (c.1410 ]
Old TR yaltır-/yaltrı- (parlamak, ışık saçmak) < *yaltız. ETü fiilden Türkiye Türkçesinde yıldız sözcüğüne kıyasla türetilmiş olması daha muhtemeldir.
[ Kubbealtı Lugati] 1. Bir şeyin yanmasından ileri gelen ve etrâfa yayılıp zarara yol açan büyük ateş: “Yangın sigortası.” Geçenlerde Galata’da bir yangın oldu (Ahmed Midhat Efendi). Bu yangının asıl sebebi bir türlü anlaşılamadı (Ömer Seyfeddin). Asırlar içinde uğradığı istîlâlar, üst üste yangınlar ve yağmalar şehirde geçmiş zamanların pek az eserini bırakmıştır (Ahmet H. Tanpınar).
2. halk ağzı. Ateş, hastalık ateşi.
3. mec. Gönülde uyanan ve insanın bütün benliğini kaplayan güçlü duygu, arzu, istek, ıztırap vb..
4. i. ve sıf. halk ağzı. Âşık, tutkun, sevdâlı kimse: Âlem bilir ben yâre yangınım / Cihan da bilir ben yâre tutkunum (Şarkı). Evet, bu bapta bütün cihanın yangınlarına salâ okurum. İştiyâkımın hiçbir haddi yok (Ahmed Vefik Paşa).
5. i. ve sıf. mec. Acılı, dertli, yanık: Ben kendimi elden yangın sanırdım / Dahi benden beter yangın neler var (Karacaoğlan). Neye Türk’ün canı yangın, neye millet geridir / Anladık biz bunu az çok senelerden beridir (Mehmet Âkif’ten). İki geyik bir derede su içer / Dertli gider dertlilerle dert açar / Bu ne yangın sevdâ imiş tez geçer (Türkü).
Yangın çıkarmak: Bir yangına sebep olmak, bir yeri tutuşturmak.
Yangın kulesi: Şehirlerde çıkan bir yangını görüp haber verebilmek için yapılmış, üzerinde nöbetçi bulunan yüksek kule [Yangın köşkü de denirdi]: “Beyazıt yangın kulesi.”
Yangın merdiveni:
1. İtfâiyecilerin yangınlarda kullandıkları seyyar merdiven.
2. Binâların dışında tehlike ânında binâyı terketmek için kullanılan merdiven.
Yangın oku: Daha çok deniz savaşlarında kullanılan, fitili ateşlenerek atılan ve saplandığı yelken bezini tutuşturan ok [Ateş oku, neft oku da denir].
Yangın söndürücü: Yangın söndürmek için kullanılan ve içinde ateşi etkisiz duruma getiren bir madde bulunan silindir şeklindeki metal tüp.
Yangın yeri: Yangın geçirip arsa hâline gelmiş, üzerinde bir şey kalmamış yer. Yangın yerine dönmek: Perîşan ve karmakarışık duruma gelmek: Filistin’deki siyonist teşkîlâtını örnek tutarak kuracağım modern yurt bir yangın yerine dönebilir (Refik H. Karay).
Yangına körükle gitmek: Yatıştıracak yerde gerginliği, uzlaşmazlığı arttıracak şekilde davranmak: Bir söyleyerek yangına körükle gitmiştim (Reşat N. Güntekin). Tahrik edici haber ve manşetlerle yangına körükle gidiyoruz, görmüyor musunuz? (Rauf Tamer).
Yangına vermek: Bilerek yakmak, tutuşturmak.
Yangından çıkmış gibi: Perîşan durumda. Yangından mal kaçırır gibi: Gereksiz yere büyük bir telâş ve acele ile, alelacele, gümrükten mal kaçırır gibi.
Alev: flame[2] EN ; from TR yal-+ yan-;
Oldest source: yalav [ Codex Cumanicus (1300) ]; ˁalav [ Danişmend-Name (1360) ]
alav/alev [ Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatname (1680 yılından önce) ]
Anadolu ağızlarında yalaz, yalım, yalağı, yalağız, yalavı, yalaf biçimleri yaygındır. Esasen Türkçe bir kelime olduğu halde /l/ sesinin inceltilmesi Farsça etkisi veya Farsçadan ikincil alıntı gösterir.
[ Kubbealtı Lugati] (alav; yalav; oldTR yal-mak “alevlenmek” ) older use as alav.
1. Yanan maddelerin üzerinde yukarıya doğru uzanan parlak, ışıklı dil, alaz, yalaz, yalım, şûle: Abdullah Efendi, kızıl alevlerin ve dumanların kepenkler arasından ve çatıdan fışkırdığını görüyordu (Ahmet H. Tanpınar).
2. teşmil. Ateş, harâret: Okudukça gözlerimden sanki yüzüme, göğsüme doğru damla damla alev parçaları saçıldı (Nâmık Kemal). Şilte ve yorgan tutuşmuş gibi vücûdumu alevler içinde hissediyordum (Peyâmi Safâ).
3. Redhouse. Mızrak ucuna takılan küçük bayrak, flama.
Alev alev yanmak:
1. Alevler içinde yanmak: “Ahşap köşk alev alev yanmaya başladı.”
2. mec. (Hastalık sebebiyle) Vücut harâreti yükselerek ateşler içinde yanmak.
Alev almak:
1. Tutuşmak, ateş almak: “Perdeler alev aldı.”
2. mec. Telâşlanmak, heyecâna kapılmak: Bir defa alev aldılar mı bir daha önlerine geçmenin imkânı kalmaz (Yâkup K. Karaosmanoğlu).
Alev bacayı sarmak: (İş, mesele) Önlenemeyecek bir durum almak, ateş bacayı sarmak.
Aslında Türkçe olan alev, Osmanlı Türkçesi’nde bâzan ‘alev (ﻋﻠﻮ) şeklinde yazılmış ve bu kelime ile Farsça kurala göre terkipler yapılmıştır: Alev-gir: Alevlenmiş. Alev-gûn: Alev rengi. Alev-hiz: Alevlenen, parlayan. Alev-nâk: Alevli. Alev-riz: Alev saçan.
Duman: smoke[3] EN; oldTR tuman
Oldest source: tuman "sis, bulut" [ Irk Bitig (900 yılından önce) : üzä tuman turdı, asra toz turdı [yukarıda sis, aşağıda toz durdu] ] "sis, bulut" [ Divan-i Lugat-it Türk (1070) ] "yanan nesnelerden çıkan gaz" [ Meninski, Thesaurus (1680) 17. yy'dan itibaren anlam değiştiren tütün sözcüğünün yerini almıştır.
[ Kubbealtı Lugati] (Eski Türk. tuman) 1. Yanan bir maddeden çıkan, içinde tamâmıyle yanmamış katı zerreler ve buğu bulunan gaz: Yenikale tarafından dumanlar belirdi (Aka Gündüz). Bu grafiklerde bacalardan süzülen dumanlar bile hesaplı çizilmiştir (Refik H. Karay).
2. Sis veya tozların havada meydana getirdiği bulanıklık, sis, pus.
3. argo. Esrar, esrarlı sigara: Uşağın olayım abi, ne olur bir duman ver bana (Reşat E. Koçu). Malta’da hâfızın biri duman dağıtıyor, yumulun (Kemal Tâhir’den).
[1] fire (n.)
Old English fyr "fire, a fire," from Proto-Germanic *fūr- (source also of Old Saxon fiur, Old Frisian fiur, Old Norse fürr, Middle Dutch and Dutch vuur, Old High German fiur, German Feuer "fire"), from PIE *perjos, from root *paewr- "fire." Current spelling is attested as early as 1200, but did not fully displace Middle English fier (preserved in fiery) until c. 1600. From Old French fu, from Latin focus (“hearth”), which in Late and Vulgar Latin replaced the Classical Latin ignis (“fire”). Also From Old French feüz, fadude (“one who has accomplished his destiny”), from Vulgar Latin *fatutus, from Latin fatum (“destiny”).
Feuer: middle high German viur , vi (u) who , old high German fiur , West Germanic * fewur , Indo-European * pehwr / phwnos "fire", occupied since the 8th century. Related forms are the proto- Germanic * fōr , the West Frisian fjoer → fy and the Dutch vuur → nl . Just like the Hittite paḫḫur → hit , the Umbrian pir and the Greek πῦρ (pỹr) → grc , all these forms come from Indo-European * pehwr (fire).
PIE apparently had two roots for fire: *paewr- and *egni- (source of Latin ignis). The former was "inanimate," referring to fire as a substance, and the latter was "animate," referring to it as a living force (compare water (n.1)).
Brend child fuir fordredeþ ["The Proverbs of Hendyng," c. 1250]
English fire was applied to "ardent, burning" passions or feelings from mid-14c. Meaning "discharge of firearms, action of guns, etc." is from 1580s. To be on fire is from c. 1500 (in fire attested from c. 1400, as is on a flame "on fire"). To play with fire in the figurative sense "risk disaster, meddle carelessly or ignorantly with a dangerous matter" is by 1861, from the common warning to children. Phrase where's the fire?, said to one in an obvious hurry, is by 1917, American English.
Fire-bell is from 1620s; fire-alarm as a self-acting, mechanical device is from 1808 as a theoretical creation; practical versions began to appear in the early 1830s. Fire-escape (n.) is from 1788 (the original so-called was a sort of rope-ladder disguised as a small settee); fire-extinguisher is from 1826. A fire-bucket (1580s) carries water to a fire. Fire-house is from 1899; fire-hall from 1867, fire-station from 1828. Fire company "men for managing a fire-engine" is from 1744, American English. Fire brigade "firefighters organized in a body in a particular place" is from 1838. Fire department, usually a branch of local government, is from 1805. Fire-chief is from 1877; fire-ranger from 1909.
Symbolic fire and the sword is by c. 1600 (translating Latin flamma ferroque absumi); earlier yron and fyre (1560s), with suerd & flawme (mid-15c.), mid fure & mid here ("with fire and armed force"), c. 1200. Fire-breathing is from 1590s. To set the river on fire, "accomplish something surprising or remarkable" (usually with a negative and said of one considered foolish or incompetent) is by 1830, often with the name of a river, varying according to locality, but the original is set the Thames on fire (1796). The hypothetical feat was mentioned as the type of something impossibly difficult by 1720; it circulated as a theoretical possibility under some current models of chemistry c. 1792-95, which may have contributed to the rise of the expression.
[A]mong other fanciful modes of demonstrating the practicability of conducting the gas wherever it might be required, he anchored a small boat in the stream about 50 yards from the shore, to which he conveyed a pipe, having the end turned up so as to rise above the water, and forcing the gas through the pipe, lighted it just above the surface, observing to his friends "that he had now set the river on fire." ["On the Origins and Progress of Gas-lighting," in "Repertory of Patent Inventions," vol. III, London, 1827]
fire (v.) c. 1200, furen, "arouse, inflame, excite" (a figurative use); literal sense of "set fire to" is attested from late 14c., from fire (n.). The Old English verb fyrian "to supply with fire" apparently did not survive into Middle English. Related: Fired; firing.
Meaning "expose to the effects of heat or fire" (of bricks, pottery, etc.) is from 1660s. Meaning "to discharge artillery or a firearm" (originally by application of fire) is from 1520s; extended sense of "to throw (as a missile)" is from 1580s. Fire away in the figurative sense of "go ahead" is from 1775.
The sense of "sack, dismiss from employment" is recorded by 1877 (with out; 1879 alone) in American English. This probably is a play on the two meanings of discharge (v.): "to dismiss from a position," and "to fire a gun," influenced by the earlier general sense "throw (someone) out" of some place (1871). To fire out "drive out by or as if by fire" (1520s) is in Shakespeare and Chapman. Fired up "angry" is from 1824 (to fire up "become angry" is from 1798).
see also: feu/ (fjuː) / a feudal tenure of land for which rent was paid in money or grain instead of by the performance of military service. the land so held, a right to the use of land in return for a fixed annual payment (feu duty)
1 feu m (plural feux)
fire
(cigarette) lighter
traffic light feu Noun, masculine
(a) (Declension: pl feux) fire in a forest, house; prendre ~ to catch fire; mettre ~ à qch to set fire to sth, set sth on fire; en ~ building on fire, burning; burning cheecks; avoir du ~ to have a light (for a cigarette); donner du ~ à qn to give sb a light (for a cigarette); (fig) parler avec ~ to speak with fire;
~ d'artifice firework; ~x d'artifice fireworks (display); ~ de camp campfire; ~ follet will-o'-the-wisp; ~ de joie bonfire
(b) signal light; aux ~x at the (traffic) lights;
~ anti-brouillard fog lights, fog lamps; ~ arrière rear light, tail light; ~ de croisement dipped headlights; ~ de détresse hazard warning lights; ~ orange amber (lgiht); ~ de position sidelight; ~ de recul reversing lights; ~ rouge red light; traffic light, (set of) traffic lights; ~x de route headlamps or headlights on full beam; ~x de signalisation traffic lights, traffic signals; ~x de stationnement parking lights; ~ de stop brake light; ~x tricolores traffic lights; ~ vert green light; (fig) go-ahead; pleins ~x spotlight
(c) ring on a cooker; sur le ~ on the stove; faire cuire à ~ doux/vif to cook over a slow/fast heat; to cook in a slow/fast oven
(d) (Mil) action; gun fire, gunfire; faire ~ to fire; "au ~!" "fire!"; ~ (à volonté)! fire (at will)!; coup de ~ (gun)shot; recevoir un coup de ~ to be shot;
~x croisés crossfire
(e) (Slang) gun, shooter (Slang)
2 feu Adjective
late person; mon ~ oncle my late uncle; la ~e reine the late queen
Also: deceased, the late Elle était la sœur de feu Jean Dupont
3 feu Adverb
~ Monsieur X the late Mr X, Mr X deceased; ~ mon oncle my late uncle.
Foyer: Borrowed from French foyer (“hearth, lobby”), in turn from Vulgar Latin *focārium, from Late Latin focārius, from Latin focus (“hearth”). Cognate with Spanish hogar (“home”).
[2] flame (n.) Middle English flaume, also flaumbe, flambe, flame, flamme, mid-14c., "a flame;" late 14c., "a flaming mass, a fire; fire in general, fire as an element;" also figurative, in reference to the "heat" or "fire" of emotions, from Anglo-French flaume, flaumbe "a flame" (Old French flambe, 10c.), from Latin flammula "small flame," diminutive of flamma "flame, blazing fire," from PIE *bhleg- "to shine, flash," from root *bhel- (1) "to shine, flash, burn."
The meaning "a sweetheart, object of one's passion" is attested from 1640s; the figurative sense of "burning passion" was in Middle English, and the nouns in Old French and Latin also meant "fire of love, flame of passion," and, in Latin "beloved object." The Australian flame-tree is from 1857, so called for its red flowers.
flame (v.) Middle English flaumen, also flaumben, flomben, flamben, flamen, flammen, c. 1300 (implied in flaming "to shine (like fire), gleam, sparkle like flames;" mid-14c. as "emit flames, be afire, to blaze," from Anglo-French flaumer, flaumber (Old French flamber) "burn, be on fire, be alight" (intransitive), from flamme "a flame" (see flame (n.)).
Transitive meaning "to burn, set on fire" is from 1580s. Meaning "break out in violence of passion" is from 1540s; the sense of "unleash invective on a computer network" is from 1980s. Related: Flamed; flaming. To flame out, in reference to jet engines, is from 1950.
GER die Flamme pl.: die Flammen
[3] smoke (n.1) late Old English smoca (rare) "fumes and volatile material given off by burning substances," related to smeocan "give off smoke," from Proto-Germanic *smuk- (source also of Middle Dutch smooc, Dutch smook, Middle High German smouch, German Schmauch), from PIE root *smeug- "to smoke; smoke" (source also of Armenian mux "smoke," Greek smykhein "to burn with smoldering flame," Old Irish much, Welsh mwg "smoke").
There is no fyre without some smoke [Heywood, 1562]
The more usual noun was Old English smec, which became dialectal smeech. Abusive meaning "black person" attested from 1913, American English. Smoke-eater "firefighter" is c. 1930. Figurative phrase go up in smoke "be destroyed" (as if by fire) is from 1933. Smoke-alarm first attested 1936; smoke-detector from 1957.
smoke (v.) Old English smocian "to produce smoke, emit smoke," especially as a result of burning, from smoke (n.1). Meaning "to drive out or away or into the open by means of smoke" is attested from 1590s. Meaning "to apply smoke to, to cure (bacon, fish, etc.) by exposure to smoke" is first attested 1590s. In connection with tobacco, "draw fumes from burning into the mouth," first recorded 1604 in James I's "Counterblast to Tobacco." Related: Smoked; smoking. Smoking gun in the figurative sense of "incontestable evidence" is from 1974.
smoke (n.2) "cigarette," slang, 1882, from smoke (n.1). Also "opium" (1884). Meaning "a spell of smoking tobacco" is recorded from 1835.
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