With the Law No. 3466 dated June 20, 1938, "May 19" was officialized as the Festival of Youth and Sports[*]. The march "Dağ Başını Duman Almış" was announced as the Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı Marşı (March of the Festival of Youth and Sports, popularly known as the Gençlik Marşı).
Renamed " Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day | Atatürk'ü Anma ve Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı" after September 1980 coup. Commemorated in May 24, 1935 as "Atatürk Day".
The first "Gymnastics Festival" (İdman Bayramı) was held at the sport meadow of Kadıköy İttihad Sports (Union Club until 1915) by Erkek Muallim Mektebi (Teachers' College for Boys) with personal enterprise of Selim Sirri Bey (Tarcan),[1] who was the Inspector of the Ministry of Education of the Ottoman Empire at the time. According to some sources, it was held on May 12, 1916, as to Faik Reşit Unat, in May 1916, as to Selim Sırrı Tarcan himself, in April 29, 1916. This folk music became "Dağ Başını Duman Almış" marşı with Turkish lyrics written by Ali Ulvi Bey (Elöve)[2] (1881 - 15 August 1975) in 1917 and sung in this festival for the first time.Selim Sirri Bey had brought a score of the Swedish folk music titled Tre trallande jäntor[3] ("Three carolling girls") collected by Felix Körling.
Mustafa Kemal's landing in Samsun Fahrî Yâver-i Hazret-i Şehriyâri[dn 1] Mirliva Mustafa Kemal Pasha was assigned as the inspector of the Ninth Army Troops Inspectorate on April 30, 1919 and left Istanbul with his staff aboard steamer SS Bandırma for Samsun. After landing in Samsun on May 19, Mustafa Kemal and his staff left there on May 24 for transferring their headquarters to the village of Karageçmiş in Havza district. According to Hamza Eroğlu, they sang "Dağ Başını Duman Almış" when they were marching from Samsun to Havza, according to Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, they sang this marching song also after leaving Havza to go to Amasya.
According to İsmet Bozdağ, his best friend Şükrü Kaya, who was the Minister of the Interior at the time, told him that: On May 19, 1936, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk made a conversation with his close friends Şükrü Kaya, Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın, Kılıç Ali, Salih Bozok, Mehmet Seydan and Nuri Conker at the Dolmabahçe Palace in Istanbul. Atatürk asked them "Do you know what today is?" They replied, "the third day of the occupation of Izmir", "Ankara meeting", "Ismet Pasha telegraphed from Lausanne", "Golden Horn Conference", "Turco-British negotiations over Iraq", "Progressive Republican Party was banned" ... even Atatürk's close friends couldn't remember Mustafa Kemal's landing in Samsun. Atatürk then said "It is a day about the liberation of our country." Still, his friends couldn't identify the correct event. Some time later, Şükrü Kaya said "Was this the day when you left Istanbul?", and Atatürk replied "You came closer... It was the day that we landed in Samsun." Atatürk went on to say "This day will be a festival that we'll celebrate." Next year, "May 19" was celebrated with Şükrü Kaya's arrangement.
Until then, "May 19" wasn't given any special meaning, besides Atatürk's expression "Gentlemen, I landed in Samsun on the nineteenth day of May of the year 1919" in his book, Nutuk.
[*]1938 yılında bayram statüsüne erişen ve 12 Eylül 1980 Darbesi sonrasında çıkarılan 17 Mart 1981 tarihli ve 2429 sayılı Ulusal Bayram ve Genel Tatiller Hakkında Kanun’la “Atatürk’ü Anma ve Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı” olarak adlandırılan 19 Mayıs kutlamaları geçmişte, “Atatürk Spor Günü” “Atatürk Spor Merasimi” “19 Mayıs Şenlikleri”, “Atatürk Günü”, “İdman Bayramı”, “Atatürk Spor Bayramı” “Jimnastik Bayramı”, “19 Mayıs Bayramı”, “İdman Şenlikleri”, “Jimnastik Şenlikleri” gibi birçok farklı isim altında kutlanmıştı.
[1] Selim Sırrı Tarcan (25 March 1874 Larissa, Ottoman Greece– 2 March 1957) was a Turkish educator, sports official and politician. He is best remembered for his contribution to the establishment of the National Olympic Committee of Turkey and the introduction of the sport of volleyball in Turkey.In 1909, Selim Sırrı Bey went to the Higher Institute of Physical Education in Sweden to study physical education and gymnastics. He returned home following his graduation in 1910. He began then to work as a school instructor for physical education.
By his return, he had brought some scores of Swedish songs from Felix Körling's collection, among them the Swedish folk music titled Tre trallande jäntor ("Three carolling girls"). This folk music became the Gençlik Marşı (literally: "Youth Anthem") known as "Dağ Başını Duman Almış" in 1917 with Turkish lyrics written by Ali Ulvi Bey (Elöve).
[2] Ali Ulvi Elöve (b. 1881,
Selanik - d. August 15, 1975, İstanbul),
Ali Ulvi Eöve was born in Selanik in 1881. He received his primary school teaching diploma from the Elementary Teacher Training School of Selanik. During his teaching time at the Istanbul Boys Teacher Training School, he began writing lyrics for a number of European compositions with violinist Zeki Bey and flautist Adnan Bey.
During World War I, the school moved to Moda and during that time Selim Sırrı Tarcan visited Ali Ulvi Elöve and asked for a 8 syllable Turkish lyric for a popular Swedish song. The inspiration for "Dağ Başını Duman Almış" (the Youth and Sports Chant) is as follows using Ali Ulvi Elöve's own words:
"It was the time when World War I was disadvantageous for us and everyone was in lament. The concerns surrounding the nation were on my mind and had taken over my soul, even though I always had hope no matter what. I chose this subject during that time hoping it would give determination, courage and strength to the youthful hearts".
The song was sung in the Istanbul Boys Teacher Training School for the first time during the physical training performances in 1916. Later on, the chant spread fast. It's known that Atatürk began singing this chant as he walked into Samsun on the 19th of May, 1919.
Some of his very well known publications are as follows: Çocuklarımıza Neşideler, Dilbilim Terimleri Sözlüğü (Dictionary of Linguistics), Edebiyat ve Söz Sanatı Terimleri Sözlüğü (Dictionary of Literature and the Art of Expression), Küçüklere Çamur İşleri Nasıl Yaptırmalı? (How to Make the Little Ones do Clay Works?), Mikyas-ül Lisan Kıstas-ül Beyan (Measure of Value of Language, Criterion of Expression), Türk Dili Grameri (Grammar of Turkish Language), Türkçe Hekimlik Terimleri Üzerine Bir Deneme (An Essay on Turkish Medical Terms).
[3] Tre trallande jäntor
där gingo tre jäntor i solen
på vägen vid lindane le,
de svängde, de svepte med kjolen,
de trallade, alla de tre.
och gingo i takt som soldater
och sedan så valsade de,
och "udden är så later"
de trallade, alla de tre.
men när som de kommo till kröken
av vägen vid lindane le,
de ropade alla: "hör göken!"
sen skvätte och tystnade de.
och tego så tyst som de döda
och rodnade, alla de tre.
men varföre blevo de röda
och varföre tystnade de?
jo!
det stod tre studenter vid grinden,
och därför så tystnade de
och blevo så röda om kinden,
de trallande jäntorna tre.
det stod tre studenter vid kröken
och flinade, alla de tre,
och härmde och skreko: "hör göken!"
och alla så trallade de.
Tre Trallande Jantor | Three Singing Lasses | Three Carolling Girls
One morning in sunshine three lasses
were walking to Lindane Lea,
a-swinging their long braided tresses
and caroling gaily all three.
They marched along just like an army,
and then waltzing careless and free
with verses like “Ginger, you’re barmy!”
they sang out so loudly all three.
They went where the road winding gently
was passing by Lindane Lea.
“The cuckoo!” they shouted intently
and hid themselves quickly all three.
And stayed there as still as the dead then,
and blushed to the eyelids all three.
But why were they turning so red then,
and why were they silent all three?
Well!
Three students appeared at the gateway,
that’s why they were quiet, you see,
and so red of cheek, what a state they
were in singing lasses all three.
Three students were there — quite alarming,
and all of them had the same leer,
“The cuckoo!” they mocked, “oh, how charming!”
and all of them sang loud and clear.
Music: John Felix August Körling Text: Gustaf Froding
English translation: Mike McArthur
Gustaf Fröding 22 August 1860 – 8 February 1911) was a Swedish poet and writer, born in Alster outside Karlstad in Värmland. The family moved to Kristinehamn in the year 1867. He later studied at Uppsala University and worked as a journalist in Karlstad. The latter part of his life he spent in different mental institutions and hospitals to cure his mental illness and alcoholism, and eventually diabetes. During the first half of the 1890s he spent a couple of years at the Suttestad institution in Lillehammer, Norway, where he finished his work on his third book of poetry Stänk och flikar, which was published in 1896. He wrote much of the material at a mental institution in Görlitz, Germany. In 1896 he moved back to Sweden. But as the year neared Christmas, his sister Cecilia made the difficult decision to make him stay at a hospital in Uppsala. Under the care of professor Frey Svenson Fröding got away from liquor and women, except one, Ida Bäckman. His poetry combines formal virtuosity with a sympathy for the ordinary, the neglected and the down-trodden. It is highly musical and lends itself to musical settingHe wrote openly about his personal problems with alcohol and women and had to face a trial for obscenity for that cause.
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