Word Origins | Hayta, Serseri, Hırbo, Hırt, Hırtapoz

Mavi Boncuk |

Hayta: Serseri, serkeş, başıboş, havaî, haylaz, saygısız, kaba, kabadayı, holigan, külhanbeyi.TR; brigand, hooligan, hobo, rascal, wastrel, lowlife, rascaille, vaurien, rogue EN [1]    

1. Serseri, haylaz (kimse): Anladınız mı hayta oğlu haytalar? (Ercüment E. Talu). Kız ve erkek çocukları da birbirinden hayırsız ve hayta çıkmışlardı (Reşat N. Güntekin).

2. i. târih. Osmanlı Devleti’nde cesâretleri ve savaş yeteneklerinin üstünlüğü ile meşhur olan dâimî süvâri serhat kullarının ayrıldığı beş sınıftan biri: Haytalar, serhadlerde fevkalâde cesâret göstererek akınlarıyle çok mühim hizmetler görürlerdi. Yeniçeri ocağı gibi bunlar da nizamları bozulunca şakāvet yoluna saptıkları için îtibardan düşmüşlerdi. Bu sebepten hayta tâbiri son zamanlarda vazîfe bilmez ataklara alem olmuştur (Mehmet Z. Pakalın).

Hayta sözünün Haydut ile etimolojik bir bağlantısının olması mümkündür. 

“haydut, başıbozuk (özellikle Rumeli'de)” [1792] yanlarında olan eṭbaˁ ve ˁasker Rumeli hayṭa ve eşḳıya ve kaypakcıları olmağla

XIX. yüzyılda yaşayan Keçecizade İzzet Molla, “divan”ında: “Rumili haytalarından bir iki yâd ettim. Dağlıyı, Dağ deviren oğlunu etmem ta’dat” (İzzet Molla Divanı, s.23) demektedir. Burada Rumili adının kullanılmış olması hayta adlandırmasının da bu bölgeye özgü olduğunu çağrıştırmaktadır. 

 Osmanlılar, hayta’ları bir süre eyaletlerin uç boylarındaki askeri birliklerinde görvevlendirdi. Ahmet Vefik Paşa, hayta kelimesini ‘haydut, izbandut, haydamak, berhay müsellah at hırsızı” diye açıklamaktadır. Hayta kelimesinin Balkan Dillerinden Türkçeye intikal ettiği sanılmaktadır. Ahterî Mustafa Efendi, “Ahterî-i Kebir” adlı sözlüğünde ‘deve kuşlarının uzun boylusu’na haytâ denildiğini aktarmaktadır. 

Hayta sözünün Eski Yunanca ḥaiti (=yele, uzun saç) ve Yunanca ḥaiti (=yele) sözleriyle bir ilişkisini belirleyemedim. Bu sözler, Macarcada haj (hay: ‘saç’) şekliyle bilinmektedir. Osmanlı toplumunda hayta, ‘yerleşik olmayan göçebe yörük topluluk mensubu’ diye de biliniyordu. Şemseddin Sami, kelimenin doğru şeklinin hayda olduğunu öne sürmektedir. 

Serseri: Farsça sarsarī سرسر/سرسری “başıboş (sıfat), başı boşluk (ad)” sözcüğünden alıntıdır. Bu sözcük Farsça sar سر “baş” sözcüğünden +ī ekiyle türetilmiştir.

serseri mayın, serserilik “[sıfat]” [Gülşehri, Mantıku't-Tayr, 1317] her kim ol bu yola girdi serserī / olmadı Gülşehrī anuŋ rehberi “[ad]” [Süleyman Çelebi, Mevlid, 1409] Rāh-ı ˁaşḳ sanma ġāfil serserī [aşk yolunu başı boşluk sanma] [Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatname, 1665]  Murtatova nām sahrālarda serserī olup (...) gezeriz.

Hırbo: i. from Kurdish, slang jerk, bumpkin EN

1. Yontulmamış, kaba saba, hiç incelmemiş adam: Ulan hırbo! Eğer dün akşamki gibi tahta bitli odada yatacaksak gitmem (Sait Fâik).

2. Karagöz ve orta oyununda Orta Anadolu ağzını taklit eden tip.

Hırt: boor EN; i. (undetermined etymology) argo. Hoyrat ve görgüsüz tavırlı, incelikten mahrum, kaba kimse: Efendi kılıklı hırtların vukūat çıkardığı da olur (Reşat N. Güntekin).

Hırtapoz: sıf. Zırtapoz sözünün değişik bir kullanılışı, zıpır, delişmen.

[1] brigand (n.) c. 1400, also brigaunt, "lightly armed irregular foot-soldier," from Old French brigand (14c.), from Italian brigante "trooper, skirmisher, foot soldier," from brigare "to brawl, fight" (see brigade). Sense of "robber, freebooter, one who lives by pillaging" is earlier in English (late 14c.), reflecting the lack of distinction between professional mercenary armies and armed, organized criminals.

Probably then it was in the sense of skirmishers that the name of brigand was given to certain light-armed foot-soldiers, frequently mentioned by Froissart and his contemporaries. ... The passage from the sense of a light-armed soldier to that of a man pillaging on his own account, is easily understood. [Hensleigh Wedgwood, "A Dictionary of English Etymology," 1859]

hooligan (n.) 1890s, of unknown origin, according to OED, first found in British newspaper police-court reports in the summer of 1898, almost certainly from the variant form of the Irish surname Houlihan, which figured as a characteristic comic Irish name in music hall songs and newspapers of the 1880s and '90s.

As an "inventor" and adapter to general purposes of the tools used by navvies and hodmen, "Hooligan" is an Irish character who occupies week by week the front of a comic literary journal called Nuggets, one of the series of papers published by Mr. James Henderson at Red Lion House. Previous to publication in London, "Hooligan" appears, I believe, in New York in a comic weekly, and in London he is set off against "Schneider," a German, whose contrainventions and adaptations appear in the Garland (a very similar paper to Nuggets), which also comes from Mr. Henderson's office. "Hooligan" and "Schneider" have been running, I should think, for four or five years. [Notes and Queries, Oct. 15, 1898]

Internationalized 20c. in communist rhetoric as Russian khuligan, opprobrium for "scofflaws, political dissenters, etc."

hobo (n.) "a tramp," 1889, Western U.S., of unknown origin. Barnhart compares early 19c. English dialectal hawbuck "lout, clumsy fellow, country bumpkin." Or possibly from ho, boy, a workers' call on late 19c. western U.S. railroads. Facetious formation hobohemia, "community or life of hobos," is from 1923 (see bohemian).

rascal (n.) mid-14c., rascaile "people of the lowest class, the general mass; rabble or foot-soldiers of an army" (senses now obsolete), also singular, "low, tricky, dishonest person," from Old French rascaille "rabble, mob" (12c., Modern French racaille), as Cotgrave's French-English Dictionary (1611) defines it: "the rascality or base and rascall sort, the scumme, dregs, offals, outcasts, of any company." Vaurien (rascal) a mischievous or impish rogue

This is of uncertain origin, perhaps a diminutive from Old French rascler, from Vulgar Latin *rasicare "to scrape" (see rash (n.)) on the notion of "the scrapings." "[U]sed in objurgation with much latitude, and often, like rogue, with slight meaning" [Century Dictionary]. Used also in Middle English of animals unfit to chase as game on account of some quality, especially a lean deer. Also formerly an adjective.

wastrel (n.) "spendthrift, idler," 1847, from waste (v.) + pejorative suffix -rel. Earlier "something useless or imperfect" (1790).

low-life (adj.) "disreputable, vulgar," 1794, from low (adj.) + life (n.). As a noun, also lowlife, "coarse, no-good person," from 1911. Low-lived (adj.) is attested from 1760.

rogue (n.) 1560s, "idle vagrant, sturdy beggar, one of the vagabond class," a word of shadowy origin, perhaps a shortened form of roger (with a hard -g-), thieves' slang for a begging vagabond who pretends to be a poor scholar from Oxford or Cambridge, which is perhaps an agent noun in English from Latin rogare "to ask." Another theory [Klein] traces it to Celtic (compare Breton rog "haughty"); OED says, "There is no evidence of connexion with F. rogue 'arrogant' " (the theory supported in Century Dictionary).

By 1570s, generally, as "dishonest, unprincipled person, rascal." In slight playful or affectionate use, "one who is mischievous," 1590s. Meaning "large wild beast living apart from the herd" is by 1859, originally of elephants. As an adjective, in reference to something uncontrolled, irresponsible, or undisciplined, by 1964. Also common in 17c. as a verb. Rogue's gallery "police collection of mug shots of notorious law-breakers" is attested from 1859.

jerk (n.) "tedious and ineffectual person," 1935, American English carnival slang, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from jerkwater "petty, inferior, insignificant" [Barnhart, OED]; alternatively from, or influenced by, verbal phrase jerk off "masturbate" [Rawson]. The lyric in "Big Rock Candy Mountain," sometimes offered as evidence of earlier use, apparently is "Where they hung the Turk [not jerk] that invented work."

A soda-jerk (1915; soda-jerker is from 1883) is so called for the pulling motion required to work the taps.

The SODA-FOUNTAIN CLERK Consider now the meek and humble soda-fountain clerk, Who draweth off the moistened air with nimble turn and jerk, [etc., Bulletin of Pharmacy, August, 1902]

bumpkin (n.) "awkward country fellow," 1560s, probably from Middle Dutch bommekijn "little barrel," diminutive of boom "tree" (see beam (n.)). Apparently, though itself Dutch, it began as a derogatory reference to Dutch people as short and dumpy. The Dutch word came into English in a more literal sense in 1630s as nautical bumkin "short boom projecting from each quarter of a vessel." 

boor (n.) early 14c., "country-man, peasant farmer, rustic," from Old French bovier "herdsman," from Latin bovis, genitive of bos "cow, ox." This was reinforced by or merged with native Old English gebur "dweller, farmer, peasant" (unrelated but similar in sound and sense), and 16c. by its Dutch cognate boer, from Middle Dutch gheboer "fellow dweller," from Proto-Germanic *buram "dweller," especially "farmer" (compare German Bauer), from PIE root *bheue- "to be, exist, grow." "A word of involved history in and out of English, though the ultimate etymology is clear enough" [OED]. In English it often was applied to agricultural laborers in or from other lands, as opposed to the native yeoman; negative transferred sense "one who is rude in manners" attested by 1560s (in boorish), from notion of clownish rustics. Related: Boorishness.