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Satranç tahtası: Satranç oyunu için yapılmış
altmış dört kareli tahta yüzey. Satranç takımı: Satranç oyunu için gerekli olan
satranç tahtası ve taşlarının tamâmı. Satranç taşı: Satranç oyunu için gerekli
olan farklı biçim ve büyüklükteki taşlardan her biri.
DAMA: i. (İtal. dama) checkers, draughts EN[2] 1. Karelere ayrılmış bir tahta üzerinde iki oyuncu tarafından dama taşları ile oynanan oyun: Kimi satranç, kimi dama meraklısı ve hemen hepsi müflis birkaç Abdülhamid devri kazaskeri (Ahmet H. Tanpınar). 2. Bu oyunda, karşı tarafın birinci sırasına kadar yürütülerek istenen şekilde oynanma üstünlüğü kazanmış taş.
Dama demek: 1. Bir taşı rakip tarafın birinci hânesine kadar yürütüp her türlü oynama üstünlüğü olan dama2 hâline getirmek. 2. mec. Devam edecek durumu kalmamak, gücü tükenmek. Dama tahtası: Üzerinde dama oynanan karelere ayrılmış tahta. Dama taşı: Dama oyununda kullanılan, kemik, taş, tahta veya boynuzdan yapılmış pul. Dama taşı gibi: Yeri devamlı sûrette değiştirilen kimseler için kullanılır: “Adamı dama taşı gibi oradan oraya sürdüler.” Dama taşına dönmek: Durmadan yeri değiştirilmek: Bu zamanda vâliler dama taşına dönmüş (Ahmet Râsim’den).
TAVLA: i. (İtal. tavola < Lat. tabula “tahta”) backgammon EN [3] 1. Aynı isimdeki bir tahta kutu üzerinde iki kişi, otuz pul ve iki zarla oynanan oyun: Yemek yenir, sonra beyefendi Fatin ile tavlaya otururlar, böyle bir iki saat geçer (Mehmet Rauf). Yengemle büyük kızı, üç oyunluk iddialı bir tavla partisinden sonra odalarına çekiliyorlar (Yusuf Z. Ortaç). Tavla oynayanları seyrettim (Orhan V. Kanık). 2. Bu oyunun üzerinde oynandığı, açıldığı zaman içe gelen iki yanı hânelere bölünmüş, yassı bir kutu biçimindeki oyun tahtası.
It is also very impressive that the game was designed with inspiration from the concept of time. The black and white represent the night and the day. The 4 corners of the backgammon is the 4 seasons, the sum of 6 facing zones are 12 hours, the reciprocal 12 zones represent the 24 hours of the day.
In backgammon, which is a very common game in Turkey, players traditionally use the names of dice combinations that have passed from Persian to Turkish.
1-1: Hep Yek
2-2: Dubara;
2-1: yek-i dü;
3-3: Dü Se;
3-2: Seba-i Dü;
3-1: Se Yek;
4-4: Dört Cihar
4-3: Cihar-ü Se
4-2: Cihar-i Dü
4-1: Cihar-ı Yek
5-5: Dü Beş;
5-4: Cihar-ü Penc
5-3: Penc-ü Se;
5-2: Penc-i Dü;
5-1: Penc-i Yek;
6-6: Dü Şeş;
6-5: Şeş Beş;
6-4: Şeş Cihar;
6-3: Şeş-ü Se;
6-2: Şeş-i Dü;
6-1: Şeş-i Yek;
[1] chess (n.) very ancient game of skill with 32 pieces, played by two on a checkered board of 64 squares, 13c., from Old French esches "chessmen," plural of eschec "game of chess, chessboard; checkmate" (see check (n.1)), from the key move of the game. Modern French distinguishes échec "check, blow, rebuff, defeat," from plural échecs "chess."
The original word for "chess" is Sanskrit chaturanga[*] "four members of an army" -- elephants, horses, chariots, foot soldiers. This is preserved in Spanish ajedrez, from Arabic (al) shat-ranj, from Persian chatrang, from the Sanskrit word.
The chess pieces are the block alphabet which shapes thoughts; and these thoughts, although making a visual design on the chessboard, express their beauty abstractly, like a poem. [Marcel Duchamp, address to New York State Chess Association, Aug. 30, 1952]
Chaturanga is first known from the Gupta Empire in India around the 6th century CE. In the 7th century, it was adopted as chatrang (shatranj) in Sassanid Persia, which in turn was the form of chess brought to late-medieval Europe.[citation needed] Archeological remains from 2000-3000 B.C have been found from the city of Lothal (of the Indus Valley Civilisation) of pieces on a board that resemble chess. According to Stewart Culin, chaturanga was first described in the Hindu text Bhavishya Purana.However, the Bhavishya Purana is known to include modern additions and interpolations, even mentioning British rule of India.
The exact rules of chaturanga are unknown. Chess historians suppose that the game had similar rules to those of its successor, shatranj. In particular, there is uncertainty as to the moves of the Gaja (elephant).
Raja (king)
Mantri or Senapati (counselor or general; ancestor of ferz; early form of queen)
Ratha (chariot; rook)
Gaja (elephant; later called fil; early form of bishop)
Ashva (horse; knight)
Padàti or Bhata (foot-soldier or infantry; pawn)
[2] checkers (n.) U.S. name for the game known in Britain as draughts, 1712, from plural of checker (n.1). So called for the board on which the game is played.
draughts (n.) British name for the tabletop game that in U.S. is checkers, c. 1400, from draught, probably because the pieces are "dragged" over the board in making moves. Draught (n.) also was used for "a move in chess." Earlier the game is recorded as jeu de dames (late 14c.).
capture (v.)"take or seize by force or stratagem," 1779, from capture (n.); in chess, checkers, etc., "win by ingenuity or skill," 1819. Related: Captured; capturing. Earlier verb in this sense was captive (early 15c.).
checker (n.1) mid-13c., "game of chess (or checkers);" c. 1300, "a chessboard, board with 64 squares for playing chess or similar games; a set of chessmen" (all now obsolete), a shortening of Old French eschequier "chessboard; a game of chess" (Modern French échiquier), from Medieval Latin scaccarium "chess-board" (see check (n.1)).
Meaning "pattern of squares" is late 14c. Meaning "a man or piece in the game of checkers" is from 1864. British prefers chequer. From late 14c. as "a checked design." The word had earlier senses of "table covered with checked cloth for counting" (late 12c. in Anglo-Latin), a sense also in Old French (see checker (n.2)).
[3] backgammon (n.) board game for two persons, 1640s, baggammon, the second element from Middle English gamen, ancestor of game (n.); the first element (see back (adv.)) apparently is because pieces sometimes are forced to go "back." Known 13c.-17c. as tables.
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