Word Origin | Kestane, Kastanyet, Zil

Mavi Boncuk | 

Kestane: chestnut EN,  Kastanie GER from Latin castanea. 
[ Codex Cumanicus, 1300]
Kestane: Castana: castanea from Persian kastāne كستانه a.a. = oldGR kástana κάστανα' similar: at kestanesi, deniz kestanesi

Kastanyet: [ Mehmet Bahaettin, Yeni Türkçe Lugat, 1924]
kastanyet: Fil dişinden veya tahtadan kestanenin dış kabuğu şeklinde oyulmuş alet ki ses çıkarmak için parmaklara geçirilerek birbirine çarpılır.
from FR castagnette [küç.] İspanyol müziğinde avuç içinde tutularak şakırtı sesi üreten ritm aleti, çalpara from SP castañeta kestanecik fromSP castaña kestane +ette. oldGR kástana.


Zil: bell EN[2], "tiz çalgı, çıngırak" [ Danişmend-Name, 1360] yüridürler çalup dühl u zīl ü bām [tiz ve pes enstrüman] "... 

Zil gibi sarhoş:  [ Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatname, 1680] şarabı ve bozayı ve rakıları içüp ke'en zil [zil gibi] mest ü χayrān [sarhoş ve şaşkın] olup kızararak ve bozararak [ Ahmet Vefik Paşa, Lugat-ı Osmani, 1876] 

Zil zurna: Sarhoşluktan her tarafı ses veren. Zilleri takmak, zilsiz oynamak. from persian zīr زير 1. alt, aşağı, 2. müzikte tiz ses, bir çalgı grubunda en yüksek perdeli alet, soprano 

Similar: kapı zili, zil gibi, zil zurna, zilli 

In the late Ottoman Empire, köçeks not only danced but played percussion instruments, especially a type of castanet known as the çarpare, which in later times were replaced by metal cymbals[3] called zills.

(PICTURED) Köçek troupe at 1720 celebration fair at Sultan Ahmed's sons' circumcision.

The Surname-i Vehbi is an illustrated account of the circumcision ceremony of Sultan Ahmed III's three sons. The festival took place in 1720 and lasted for fifteen days and nights. Its opulence and splendor were documented in the Surname, a book commissioned for the occasion. It is named after its author, the court poet Seyyd Hüseyin Vehbi. The book is illustrated with 137 miniatures by Abdülcelil Levni Çelebi, the court painter, and his apprentices.

(Pictured) Renoir's 1909 painting Dancing girl with castanets.

[1] Les castagnettes (SP : castañuelas, « petites châtaignes ») castanets. a small percussion instrument consisting of two concave shells of wood held in the palm of the hand and clicked rhythmically together esp. to accompany dancing.

[1640–50; fromSP castañeta, derivative of castañ(a) chestnut from Latin castanea] The origins of the instrument are not known. The practice of clicking hand-held sticks together to accompany dancing is ancient, and was practised by both the Greeks and the Egyptians. In more modern times, the bones and spoons used in Minstrel show and jug band music can also be considered forms of the castanet. One can also see Spanish influence in Napoletan music through the presence of castanets, as it was registered by Athanasius Kircher on his Tarantella Napoletana (tono hypodorico).

[2] Bell: (n.) Old English belle, common North Sea Germanic (cognates: Middle Dutch belle, Middle Low German belle) but not found elsewhere in Germanic (except as a borrowing), from PIE root *bhel- (4) "to sound, roar." Statistical bell curve was coined 1870s in French. Of glasses in the shape of a bell from 1640s. Bell pepper is from 1707, so called for its shape. Bell, book, and candle is a reference to a form of excommunication. To ring a bell "awaken a memory" (1934) is perhaps a reference to Pavlovian experiments. 

[3] Cymbal: (n.) from Old English cimbal and from Old French cymbale (13c.), both from Latin cymbalum, from Greek kymbalon "a cymbal," from kymbe "bowl, drinking cup." 

Chime: (n.) c. 1300, chymbe "cymbal," from Old English cymbal, cimbal, also perhaps through Old French chimbe or directly from Latin cymbalum (see cymbal, the modern word for what this word originally meant). Evidently the word was misinterpreted as chymbe bellen (c. 1300) and its sense shifted to "chime bells," a meaning attested from mid-15c.