Word Origins | Testi, Desti, Test, Testere, Testis

Mavi Boncuk |
Testi: Pitcher, jug, crock [1] EN i. (from PE destі’den) [Kelime Türkçe’den Bulgarca ve Sırpça’ya da geçmiştir] Gövdesi geniş, boğazı dar, kulplu, emzikli veya emziksiz, topraktan yapılıp fırında pişirilmiş su kabı: Ey su yolu su yolu / Boş gider gelir dolu / Testi de kolun kırılsın / Yoruldu yârin kolu (Türkü). Bir pınarın başına bir testiyi koysalar / Kırk yıl anda durası kendi dolası değil (Ümmî Sinan). Günlerden bir gün Perili Ana ebeden, dededen kalma testisini alır… (Eflâtun C. Güney).

Testi kırılsa da kulpu elde kalır: Zarar çok büyük de olsa varlıklı kimsenin elinde gene bir şeyler kalır. Testiyi kıran da bir, suyu dolduran (getiren) da bir: Değerlendirmelerin hakka ve hakîkate uygun yapılmadığını ifâde eden sitem sözü.

Farsça dastī دستی “el kabı, özellikle elde taşınabilen toprak kap” sözcüğünden alıntıdır. Bu sözcük Farsça dast دست “el” sözcüğünden +ī ekiyle türetilmiştir.

Oldest Source : [Erzurumlu Darir, Kıssa-i Yusuf terc., 1377 yılından önce]
Zühre eydür uş tarab-sāz eylerem / şādılıga urdum uş dest-i nihān
[Sinan Paşa, Tazarru'nâme, 1482]
dest-i izdivaç, destgâh
Simlar word with the (dest) root: abdest, derdest, deste (güldeste), destek, destmal, destur (düstur), presto (apre), testere, testi, tezgâh

Destī: fromPE dast دست “el” sözcüğünden alıntıdır. Bu sözcük Eski Farsça aynı anlama gelen dasta- sözcüğünden evrilmiştir. (NOT: Bu sözcük Avestaca aynı anlama gelen zasta- sözcüğü ile eş kökenlidir.) Bu sözcük Hintavrupa Anadili yazılı örneği bulunmayan *ǵʰés-to- biçiminden evrilmiştir. Bu biçim Hintavrupa Anadili aynı anlama gelen yazılı örneği bulunmayan *ǵʰes- kökünden türetilmiştir.

Test: i. (fromEN. test [2]) Belirlenmiş deney, soru ve ölçülere göre bir şeyin var olup olmadığını, değerini, derecesini, nitelik ve niceliğini yoklama: Bu tesiste uydu ve uydu alt sistemlerine titreşim testleri, ısıl vakum testleri, kütle özellikleri ölçüm testleri, akustik testleri... uygulamak için gerekli olan tüm test, ölçüm ve yer destek teçhizatları yer alacaktır (Savunma ve Havacılık).

Testere: i. saw[(< destere fromPE dest “el” ve erre “bıçkı” ile dest-erre) [Kelime Türkçe’den Balkan dillerine de geçmiştir] Sert şeyleri biçmeye yarayan, biçilecek şeye göre değişik şekillerde olan, keskin dişli çelik âlet: Kazma sesleri, testere hırıltıları, uzun bir duâ, âminler… (Yusuf Z. Ortaç). Felâketi ağır ağır haber vermek testere ile adam kesmeye benzer (Reşat N. Güntekin – Ö.T.S.).

Testere dişi: Testere dişlerine benzeyen mîmârî süs.

Testis: haya, husye, erbezi TR, fromEN testis “husye” sözcüğünden alıntıdır. Bu sözcük Latince testis “1. tanık, şahit, 2. (mecazi) erkekliğin delili, husye” sözcüğünden türetilmiştir. Bu sözcük Arkaik Latince yazılı örneği bulunmayan *tristis “üçüncü (kişi)” sözcüğünden evrilmiştir. (Source: Ernout & Meillet, Dict. etym. de la langue latine sf. 1217). χṣy kökünden gelen χuṣya(t) خصية “testis” sözcüğünden alıntıdır.

Oldest Source : “mesane?” [anonim, Mukaddimetü'l-Edeb terc., y. 1300]
daşlu boldı er kavukı = er χuṣyası taşlığ boldı

Pope and testis test: The Roman Church, according to legend, stipulated that anyone elected Pope should prove that his genitalia were intact. To this end a special chair was fashioned that had a horseshoe-shaped seat. The Pope to be would sit on the seat and the cardinals would pass by, checking the papal procession and proclaiming: ‘testiculos habet et bene pendentes’. A loose translation being: ‘testicles he has and well-hung ones’.

It is unclear when the custom first begun. The reason for its initiation is that according to the Law of Moses eunuchs could not enter into the sanctuary. Leviticus considered castrated animals and humans as unworthy of the sacrifice, both in a literal and a religious sense.

Information from The First Sex by Elizabeth Gould Davis (Penguin 1971) provides an answer:

‘It’s alleged that this test of the pope’s masculinity was introduced after “Agnes” a German woman of English descent, made her way to Athens disguised as a monk... armed with a degree in philosophy, she came to Rome where Pope Leo IV made her a cardinal. Upon Leo’s death in 853 Joan was elected Pope by her fellow cardinals. The Catholic Encyclopaedia goes on to say, “she served as Pope for two years, four months and eight days, when she was discovered to be a woman and stoned to death (she gave birth during a papal procession)”... ‘The name “John VIII, a woman from England” graced the papal list from 855 to 1601 ...(when she was)... officially declared mythical... Pope John (872-882) who is now numbered VIII was for seven centuries listed as John IX.

‘From the time of Pope Joan, all candidates for the papacy for 700 years had to undergo a physical examination to prove their sex... (this) examination went into effect in 855... Benedict was the first of the popes to submit to the test.’

[1]  pitcher (n.1) "jug with an open spout and generally a handle," originally of metal or earthenware, c. 1200, pichere, from Old French pechier, pichier (12c., altered from bichier), and Medieval Latin picarius, picherius (altered from bicarium), both probably from Greek bikos "earthen vessel" (see beaker). Pitcher-proud (early 15c.) was "drunk." The pitcher-plant (1819) is so called for the shape of the modified leaves, which commonly contain liquid and are adapted to capture and assimilate insects.

jug (n.) "deep vessel for carrying liquids, usually with a handle or ear," late 15c., jugge, variant of jubbe (late 14c.), a word of unknown origin. Perhaps it is from jug "a low woman, a maidservant" (mid-16c.), a familiar alteration of Jug, a common personal name such as Joan or Judith.

Use as a musical instrument is attested from 1886 in jug-band (American English) "musical ensemble in which the bass line is carried or augmented by a player blowing on the open lip of a jug. "As a quantity of ale or beer, a jug is usually a pint" [Century Dictionary, 1902].

jughead (n.) "klutz, stupid person," 1926, from jug (n.) + head (n.).

jugs (n.) "a woman's breasts," 1920, first recorded in Australian slang, short for milk jugs, from jug (n.).

crock (n.) Middle English crokke, from Old English crocc, crocca "pot, earthen vessel, pitcher, or jar," from Proto-Germanic *krogu "pitcher, pot" (source also of Old Frisian krocha "pot," Old Saxon kruka, Middle Dutch cruke, Dutch kruik, Old High German kruog "pitcher," German Krug, Old Norse krukka "pot"). These all are perhaps from the same source as Middle Irish crocan "pot," Greek krossos "pitcher," Old Church Slavonic krugla "cup."

Specifically a receptacle for meal, butter, milk, etc., or in cooking; usually an earthen vessel but sometimes of brass or iron.

Used as an image of worthless rubbish since 19c., perhaps from the use of crockery as chamberpots. But there were other uses of crock, of uncertain relationship, such as "an old ewe" (1520s, Scottish), used contemptuously of debilitated or invalid persons (19c.). Also compare Middle English croke, crok "a hull, husk," figuratively "refuse," Low German krak "a thing of no value," colloquial English crock "soot, smut" (1650s).

[2] saw : [toothed cutting tool] Middle English saue, from Old English sagu, from Proto-Germanic *sago "a cutting tool" (source also of Old English seax "knife," Old Norse sög, Norwegian sag, Danish sav, Swedish såg, Middle Dutch saghe, Dutch zaag, Old High German saga, German Säge "saw"), from PIE root *sek- "to cut" (source also of Latin secare "to cut").

In reference to its use as a musical instrument, by 1905. Saw-grass, the long, toothed grass found in the Southern U.S., is attested by 1822. The saw-fly (1773), destructive to plants, is so called for the construction of the insect's egg-depositing organ.

test (n.) late 14c., "small vessel used in assaying precious metals," from Old French test, from Latin testum "earthen pot," related to testa "piece of burned clay, earthen pot, shell" (see tete).

Sense of "trial or examination to determine the correctness of something" is recorded from 1590s. The connecting notion is "ascertaining the quality of a metal by melting it in a pot." Test Act was the name given to various laws in English history meant to exclude Catholics and Nonconformists from office, especially that of 1673, repealed 1828. Test drive (v.) is first recorded 1954.

testis (n.) (plural testes), 1704, from Latin testis "testicle," usually regarded as a special application of testis "witness" (see testament), presumably because it "bears witness to male virility" [Barnhart]. Stories that trace the use of the Latin word to some supposed swearing-in ceremony are modern and groundless.

Compare Greek parastatai "testicles," from parastates "one that stands by;" and French slang témoins, literally "witnesses." But Buck thinks Greek parastatai "testicles" has been wrongly associated with the legal sense of parastates "supporter, defender" and suggests instead parastatai in the sense of twin "supporting pillars, props of a mast," etc. Or it might be a euphemistic use of the word in the sense "comrades." OED, meanwhile, points to Walde's suggestion of a connection between testis and testa "pot, shell, etc." (see tete).