The Ottoman atlas, which was located on the roof of a historical house in the Northamptonshire region of England, found a buyer for 86 thousand 250 pounds at the auction.
"The atlas prepared by W. Faden was translated into Turkish by Official Mustafa Ağa and published as Atlas-ı Kebîr Tercümesi (Cedîd Atlas Tercümesi). It is also known as the 'Üsküdar Atlas'. This work, which is the first atlas printed in the Islamic world, has 24 colored maps. Maps are hand-coloured. Atlas is 36×53 in size. The maps are larger in size.
Therefore, very few atlases have survived. It is estimated that there are around 20 atlases in complete and incomplete copies today. Only 50 copies of Atlas were printed, except for the copies given to the sultan, statesmen and the engineer's library, which were burned down during the Alemdar Incident while they were in the Mühendishane warehouse."
National Defense University (MSU) Rector Prof. Dr. Erhan Afyoncu
Mavi Boncuk |
Cedid Atlas
[Istanbul] : Bu evan-i yumn-i ikbalde mahruse-yi Üsküdar'da müceddeden bina ve inşa buyurlan Tab'hane-yi Hümayun'da tab' ve tekmili müyesser olmuşdur ve bi-Allah'l-tevfik, sene 1218 [1803 or 1804] View LOC Copy
Title Page of the Cedid Atlas (also known as Cedid Atlas Tercümesi)[1]
Cedid Atlas (or Atlas-ı Cedid) is the first translation of the atlas in the Muslim world, printed and published in 1803 in Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The full title of the atlas reads as Cedid Atlas Tercümesi (meaning, literally, "A Translation of a New Atlas") and in most libraries outside Turkey, it is recorded and referenced accordingly.
Although manuscripts and hand-drawn maps were widely available, the Cedid Atlas could only be published in 1803 by Müderris Abdurrahman Efendi in a style based on European sources.
The Cedid Atlas is the first translation of the atlas in the Muslim world, printed and published in 1803 in Istanbul, then the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The full title name of the atlas reads as Cedid Atlas Tercümesi (meaning, literally, "A Translation of a New Atlas") and in most libraries outside Turkey, it is recorded and referenced accordingly.
Although manuscripts and hand-drawn maps were widely available throughout the Muslim world, the massive printing of books started only in 1729 by Ibrahim Muteferrika and the Cedid Atlas could only be published in 1803 by Müderris Abdurrahman Efendi in a style based on European sources.
The Cedid Atlas includes a monochrome celestial chart and 24 hand-coloured copper engraved maps of various parts of the world; the celestial chart and maps measure at least (53 cm by 72 cm) and all the maps are actually adaptations of William Faden's General Atlas[2]. The maps are preceded by a (1+79) page-long treatise of geography, "Ucalet-ül Coğrafiye" by Mahmud Raif Efendi printed one year later, in 1804, and bound together with the atlas.
From a point of view of art, the atlas is notable for the color of the maps as well as the beauty of the script on the maps.
The Cedid Atlas was published in parallel with the developments of the Ottoman Empire's Nizam-ı Cedid, the "New-Order" or the "New System" ("Cedid" means "new" and "Nizam" means "system", "regime", or "order") and its title-name reflects this clearly. The atlas was new in terms of cartographical knowledge and well suited to the new system which tried to introduce new institutions into the Ottoman Empire while trying to replace existing ones with contemporary counterparts from the West. Introduced by the ruling padishah (the sultan) of the Ottoman Empire, Selim III, the "New-Order" included a series of reforms which mainly modernized and changed the structure of the then existing Ottoman army and changed the administrative structure of the Empire. It was an effort to catch up with technical, military, economic, and administrative achievements of the West against which the Ottoman Empire was losing grounds since the 17th century. New military and engineering schools were established and governmental units related with the foreign relations and affairs were re-organized to align with the new system. For these schools, governmental units, and the wholly re-organized army reformed according to the European practice, a new understanding and applications of geography of the standards of the West were necessary and the Cedid Atlas was translated and printed for this purpose.
Only 50 copies of this atlas (measuring 36 cm x 53 cm) were printed at the press. A copy was presented to Selim III; several copies were also presented to the high-ranking officials of the Empire, some were reserved for the library of Muhendishane (military engineering school of the time), and the remaining were reserved for sale. However, during the "Alemdar Vakası", an uprising of the janissaries in Constantinople during November 15–18, 1808, a fire at the warehouse of the press destroyed an unknown (unaccounted) number of the copies reserved for sale. Based on several estimates and accounting for the single maps (torn-out from bound volumes of the atlas) sold or being sold worldwide, it is believed that a maximum of 20 complete examples could be present in libraries or in private collections whereas some sources suggest that there exist only 10 complete and intact copies in the world. As such, it's one of the rarest printed atlases of historical value.
Other names
A few sources outside Turkey and the Muslim world also refer to this atlas as the New Great Atlas. In Turkey, since the printing press of the book was located in the historical Üsküdar (Scutari) region (now a municipality) of Istanbul, the atlas sometimes is referred to as the Üsküdar Atlası.
Existing copies
These are the only 12 complete copies known to exist in the world:
Turkey - Topkapı Sarayı (Topkapı Palace) - 1 copy - Complete
Turkey - Library of the Istanbul Technical University (İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, formerly known as ""Engineering School (Mühendislik Mektebi")) - 2 copies - Complete (presence of copies are not confirmed)
Turkey - Library of the Boğaziçi University (Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, formerly known as Robert College) - 3 copies - Complete (presence of only 1 copy is confirmed)
Turkey - Municipality of Üsküdar(Üsküdar Belediyesi) - 1 copy - Complete
U.S.A. - Library of Congress - 1 copy - Complete
U.S.A. - Princeton University Library - 1 copy - Complete
Netherlands - Leiden University Library - 1 copy - Complete
United Arab Emirates - Antiquarian bookseller; Eqtna for Rare Books[permanent dead link]. [17]The copy was displayed for sale at the Sharjah Book Fair 2016.[18] - 1 copy - Complete
Swann Auction Galleries, New York - 1 complete copy sold on 26 May 2016.[19]
(Contrary to sources, on-line library search at the library of Boğaziçi University shows only 1 copy according to the records, and an on-line search at the library of the Istanbul Technical University shows no copies according to records. WorldCat union catalogue search of all the libraries confirms this result. Accordingly, there are only 10 complete and intact copies confirmed to exist in the world.)
These are the incomplete copies known to exist in the world:
U.S.A. - John Carter Brown Library (Brown University) - 1 copy (missing 2 maps)
U.S.A. - Newberry Library - 1 copy (missing 1 map and also 1 available map is from another copy)
Turkey - Yapı Kredi Sermet Çifter Araştırma Kütüphanesi - 1 copy (missing several maps)
Turkey - Bursa İnebey Kütüphanesi - 1 copy (missing several maps)
Norway - Nasjonalbiblioteket (National Library of Norway) - 1 copy (missing 2 maps)
Sweden - Kungliga Biblioteket (Royal Library of Sweden) - 1 copy (missing the title page)
Austria - Antikvariat InLibris, Vienna - 1 copy (Missing the celestial chart).
The following libraries possess very limited portions of the atlas :
Bibliothèque nationale de France owns the initial (1+79) page-long geographical treatise "Ucalet-ül Coğrafiye" and one map only, title page and the remaining maps of the atlas are missing.
National Library of Australia owns only two maps of the atlas with all the rest missing.
Occasionally, single maps of the Cedid Atlas are presented for sale by on-line book sellers or auctioneers.
Maps in the Cedid Atlas
In addition to the (53 cm x 72 cm) monochrome celestial map, there are 24 coloured maps in the atlas; some of them are larger than (53 cm x 72 cm). In order of appearance, these maps show:
Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
South Pole and North Pole
The World
Europe (including Iceland)
Anatolia, Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Balkan Peninsula, (heel of) Italy, Iraq/Syria/Lebanon/Jordan/Palestine/Cyprus/Crete (in the south)
Adriatic Coast, Italy, Southern France, Iberian Peninsula, Libya/Tunis/Algeria (in the south)
Anatolia (the) Black Sea, Crimea, Southern Ukraine, (north of) Balkan Peninsula to Hungary
Western Anatolia, Aegean Sea, Crete (in the south), Greece
England (and Wales)
Scotland and Scottish Islands
The Low Countries : Hanau, Luxembourg, Brabant, Flanders, Northern France
France (at the time of the monarchy)
The English Channel and the Channel Islands, Western France Coast
France (at the time of the republic)
Germany (from Brandenburg to Braunschweig)
Poland, Prussia, Lithuania (to the north)
Continent of Asia
Azerbaijan, Armenia, Western Iran, Iraq/Syria/Lebanon/Jordan/Palestine/Cyprus (in the south), Anatolia, Kurdistan, Al Jazzira
Continent of Africa
River Nile in Egypt in detail (including the Nile Delta)
Continents of America (North, Central, South) and (part of) Pacific Ocean
Eastern North America
Central/South America (Guyana) Coast
The Lesser Antilles (including) Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Tobago
Paper analysis
Examination of the watermarks lead some Princeton University professors believe that the paper is of Russian origin, but John Delaney, the historical maps curator for the Princeton University Library, believes it is possibly from Venice, Italy.
[1] Tab'hane-Yi Hümayun (Istanbul, Turkey) - Faden, William - Mahmud Raif Efendi
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS View LOC Copy
[2] Includes 51 maps dated from 1781 to 1822. Maps engraved by Faden[*], Wm. Palmer, James Tyrer, Neele & Son, D. Wright, J. Walker, Sidney Hall, and B. Baker.
Drawn from all the Best Surveys, and Rectified by Astronomical Observations by A. Arrowsmith, Geographer. Charles Street, Soho, London. To the Right Hon.ble Sir Joseph Banks Bart. K.B. One of his Majesty's most Honorable Privy Council, and President of the Royal Society, This Map is Respectfully Dedicated by His much obliged Humble Sertv.t, A. Arrowsmith
- Palmer, W. (William), 1739-1812, engraver.
- Tyrer, J. (James), engraver.
- Wright, D. (Engraver), engraver.
- Hall, Sidney, engraver.
- Baker, B. (Benjamin), active 1766-1824, engraver.
- Neele & Son, engraver.
The title of "geographer to the king" was given to various people in the 18th century, including John Senex, Herman Moll, Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Jeffreys. All of these men, including William Faden, were engravers and publishers, not scholars or academics. Their part was to publish and supply maps to the crown and parliament.
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