Oldest source: tarlagu/tarıglag "ekin ekilen yer" [ Uygurca (1000 yılından önce) ](Eski Türk. tarıġlaġ, tarı-mak “ekin ekmek” > tarıġ “ekin”den tarıġ+la-ġ > *tarıla > tarla) Tarıma elverişli, belirli ve sınırlı toprak parçası:
Ne yaptın tarlanı nerde hasadın? (Câhit S. Tarancı).
Bâdemler çiçek açmıştır, tarlalar yeşermiştır (Refik H.
Karay).
Çok defa Ankara ovasına bakarken Hacı Bayram’ın ömrünün sonuna kadar müritleriyle ekip biçtiği tarlaları düşünürüm (Ahmet H. Tanpınar).
Tarla açmak: Bir yeri çalı, bitki ve taşlardan temizleyip
tarla hâline getirmek.
Bostan: vegetable garden EN[2]fromFA. būstān, bū “koku” ve yer bildiren -istān > -sitān ekiyle bū-sitān > būstān “koku yeri”)
fromFA būstān veya būyistān بوستان/بويستان "bahçe, özellikle çiçek bahçesi". Pahlevi/Parthian
bōδestān veya bōyestān. bōδ veya bōy "güzel koku"
1. Sebze bahçesi, bağ: İşte fâsılasız dört mevsim / Köye lezzet dağıtan bostanlar (Orhan S. Orhon).
2. Kavun karpuz tarlası.
3. teşmil. Kavun karpuz: Kırlarda yaşayan, bostan eken ve
toprağın verdiği mahsul ile geçinen… (Ahmet Hâşim).
Bostan beygiri: Bostan dolabını döndüren beygir. Bostan beygiri gibi: Durmadan aynı işle uğraşan, hayâtında bir değişiklik bulunmayan kimselerin durumunu anlatır.
Bostan dolabı: Kuyu veya nehirlerde suyu yukarı çıkarmaya
yarayan, büyük bir tekerlek ve üzerine asılı kovalardan meydana gelen düzenek
[Tekerlek döndükçe dolan kovalar suyu yukarıya çıkarır]:
Eyüp Sultan üstlerinde bostan dolaplarının, kır böceklerinin sesleri arasında yeşil renkten ve aydınlıktan yarı sarhoş dinlenir (Ahmet H. Tanpınar).
Bostan korkuluğu:
1. Bitkilere zarar veren kuşları ürkütmek için bostan, tarla
ve bahçelere dikilen kukla, korkuluk.
2. mec. Gösterişli fakat işe yaramaz kof kimse:
Ali Rızâ Bey’e gelince, o artık evinde bir bostan korkuluğu mevkiine düşmeye başladığını gāyet iyi görüyordu (Reşat N. Güntekin).
Ayol, bostan korkuluğu musun sen? Gidip belediyeye
anlatsana! (Ahmet K. Tecer).
Bostan kuyusu: Bostan dolabının döneceği genişlikte ve suyu bostan sulayacak kadar bol olan kuyu.
Bostan patlıcanı: Büyük, yuvarlak, çekirdeği az, makbul bir
cins patlıcan. Bostandan dışarı kabak: mec. Herkesle birlikte olmayan, âlemden
hâriç: “Hepimiz geldik, o evde kaldı, bostandan dışarı kabak.”
Bahçe: garden EN[3] fromFA bāġçe باغچه sözcüğünden alıntıdır. Farsça sözcük Farsça bāġ باغ "her çeşit bahçe " sözcüğünden türetilmiştir.
Meyve bahçesi: orchard EN[3]
Bağçe: (ﺑﺎﻏﭽﻪ) garden EN[3] fromFA bāğ ve küçültme eki -çe ile bāġ-çe) Bahçe sözünün eskiden kullanılan asıl şekli.
Bağ: vineyard EN [4]; fromFA bāġ باغ her çeşit bahçe oldFA bāg 1. kısmet, pay, mülk, 2. bahçe
"üzüm yetiştirilen yer" [ Kutadgu Bilig (1070) :
kişi köngli bag ol yaşargu suvı ]
(ﺑﺎﻍ) i. Üzüm kütükleri dikili olan ve üzüm yetiştirilen yer:
Bağa bak üzüm olsun, üzüm yemeğe yüzün olsun (Atasözü).
Bahçe, yeşillik, ağaçlık ve çiçeklik yer, bostan:
Bakarsan bağ olur, bakmazsan dağ olur (Atasözü).
Bâğ-ı dehrin hem bahârın hem hazânın görmüşüz / Biz neşâtın
da gamın da rûzigârın görmüşüz (Nâbî).
Bağ aralamak: Bir bağdaki asma kütüklerini gelişmelerini
sağlamak için seyrekleştirmek. Bağ bahçe: Mal mülk. Bağ bozmak: En son üzümleri
de toplayıp bağın ürününü tamâmen kaldırmak:
Ankara’nın bağları bozulurken bu hayallerin yerine “Kebap, kestâne kebap” diyen bir ses çıktı (Rûşen E. Ünaydın).
Bağ çubuğu: Asma fidesi. Bağ yanığı: Asmalarda görülen bir mantar hastalığı.
Bâğ-ı İrem: (Cennete benzetilerek yaptırıldığı rivâyet
edilen İrem bahçesinden kinâye)
Cennet bahçesi, cennet: Kasr-ı cennet mi bu yâ bâğ-ı İrem yâ
gül-sitan (Nev’î).
Bu bir bâğ-ı İrem’dir bunda aslâ hâra yer yoktur (Rûhî-i
Bağdâdî).
Bâğ-istan (ﺑﺎﻏﺴﺘﺎﻥ) birl. i. (Fars. yer bildiren -istān ekiyle) Bağlık, bahçelik yer.
Bâğ-van tür. i. (Fars. -vān ekiyle) Bahçıvan, bağban.
Bâğ-zar (ﺑﺎﻏﺰﺍﺭ) tür. i. (Fars. yer bildiren -zār ekiyle) Bağlık, bahçelik yer: Gül hazin sünbül perîşan bâğ-zârın şevki yok / Geldi ammâ neyleyim sensiz bahârın şevki yok (Recâîzâde M. Ekrem – Ö.T.S.).
Çayır: pasture, meadow, prairie EN [5] from Çağ: "otlak" [ Nasırüddin Rabguzi, Kısasü'l-Enbiya, 1310] Ol köpükdin çayir yaratdıTTü: [ Dede Korkut Kitabı, c.1400] gök çayıruŋ üzerine bir kırmızi otağ dikilmişÇağ: "dikenli ot" [ Pavet de Courteille, Dictionnaire Turc Oriental, c.1500]
çayır: herbe dont les barbes sont nombreuses et entortillées
ensemble [çok ve sık dikenli ot]
Arāżі – Erāżі: arsa TR; land[6], terrain[7], lot EN[8] (ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻰ) i. (Ar. arż’ın çoğul şekli erāżі) [Kelime Türkçe’de tekil anlamında da kullanılmaktadır]
1. Yerler, topraklar; yer, toprak: Zâten bu arâzinin denizden yüksekte kalışı uzak bir tarihe âit değildir (Refik H. Karay).
2. Ekilen veya ekilebilecek olan topraklar.
3. asker. Oturulan yerler dışında kalan iskân edilmemiş açık topraklar: “Arâziyi tanımak.” “Arâziye uymak.”
Arâziye çıkmak: asker. Tâlim ve tatbîkat için kışla dışındaki boş topraklara çıkmak. Arâzi olmak: argo. Ortadan kaybolmak, sıvışmak.
Arâzi vitesi: Motorlu araçların bozuk veya engebeli arâzide gitmesini sağlayan vites.
Arâzî-i emîriyye (mîriyye): Kuru mülkiyeti devlete âit olup şahıslara dağıtılan arâzi, beylik toprak [Arâzî-i havz da denirdi]. Arâzî-i emvat: İşlenmemiş arâzi.
Arâzî-i harâciyye: Haraca bağlanmış olan, üzerinden haraç alınan arâzi. Arâzî-i mahmiyye: Kuru mülkiyeti devlete âit olup pazar yeri, yol, mera vb. olarak halkın ihtiyâcına ayrılmış arâzi.
Arâzî-i mukaddese: Filistin arâzisi.
Arâzî-i mübâreke: Hicaz toprakları, Mekke ve Medîne.
Arâzî-i memlûke: Sâhipli arâzi.
Arâzî-i mevkūfe: Rakabe veya mîrî geliri bir cihete vakıf ve tahsis edilen arâzi, vakfedilmiş arâzi.
Arâzî-i öşriyye: Sâhipli arâziden öşre tâbi olan, yâni gelirinden onda bir hazîne hissesi alınan ve üzerinde her çeşit mülkiyet tasarrufu cereyan eden arâzi.
Arsa: arsa TR; land, lot EN [6] fromAR ˁarṣa ͭ عرصة [#ˁrṣ mr.] açık ve düz alan, avlu. Oldest source: "ev yeri" [ F (1451) ]
[1] field (n.) Old English feld "plain, pasture, open land, cultivated land" (as opposed to woodland), also "a parcel of land marked off and used for pasture or tillage," probably related to Old English folde "earth, land," from Proto-Germanic *felthan "flat land" (Cognates: Old Saxon and Old Frisian feld "field," Old Saxon folda "earth," Middle Dutch velt, Dutch veld Old High German felt, German Feld "field," but not found originally outside West Germanic; Swedish fält, Danish felt are borrowed from German; Finnish pelto "field" is believed to have been adapted from Proto-Germanic). This is from PIE *pel(e)-tu-, from root *pele- (2) "flat; to spread." The English spelling with -ie- probably is the work of Anglo-French scribes (compare brief, piece).
As "battle-ground," c. 1300. Meaning "sphere or range of any related things" is from mid-14c. Physics sense is from 1845. Collective use for "all engaged in a sport" (or, in horse-racing, all but the favorite) is 1742; play the field "avoid commitment" (1936) is from notion of gamblers betting on other horses than the favorite. Cricket and baseball sense of "ground on which the game is played" is from 1875. Sense of "tract of ground where something is obtained or extracted" is from 1859. As an adjective in Old English combinations, often with a sense of "rural, rustic" (feldcirice "country-church," feldlic "rural"). Of slaves, "assigned to work in the fields" (1817, in field-hand), opposed to house. A field-trial originally was of hunting dogs.
plantation (n.) mid-15c., plantacioun, "action of planting (seeds, etc.)," a sense now obsolete, from Latin plantationem (nominative plantatio) "a planting," noun of action from past-participle stem of *plantare "to plant" (see plant (n.)).
From c. 1600 as "introduction, establishment." From 1580s as "a planting with people or settlers, a colonization;" used historically used for "a colony, an original settlement in a new land" by 1610s (the sense in Rhode Island's Providence Plantations, which were so called by 1640s).
The meaning "large farm on which tobacco or cotton is grown" is recorded by 1706; "Century Dictionary" [1895] defines it in this sense as "A farm, estate, or tract of land, especially in a tropical or semi-tropical country, such as the southern parts of the United States, South America, the West Indies, Africa, India, Ceylon, etc., in which cotton, sugar-cane, tobacco, coffee, etc., are cultivated, usually by negroes, peons, or coolies."
[2] vegetable (adj.) early 15c., "capable of life or growth; growing, vigorous;" also "neither animal nor mineral, of the plant kingdom, living and growing as a plant," from Old French vegetable "living, fit to live," and directly from Medieval Latin vegetabilis "growing, flourishing," from Late Latin vegetabilis "animating, enlivening," from Latin vegetare "to enliven," from vegetus "vigorous, enlivened, active, sprightly," from vegere "to be alive, active, to quicken," from PIE root *weg- "to be strong, be lively." The meaning "resembling that of a vegetable, dull, uneventful; having life such as a plant has" is attested from 1854 vegetable (n.)
mid-15c., "non-animal life," originally any plant, from vegetable (adj.); specific sense of "plant cultivated for food, edible herb or root" is first recorded 1767. Meaning "person who leads a monotonous life" is recorded from 1921; sense of "one totally incapacitated mentally and physically" is from 1976.
The Old English word was wyrt (see wort). The commonest source of words for vegetables in Indo-European languages are derivatives of words for "green" or "growing" (compare Italian, Spanish verdura, Irish glasraidh, Danish grøntsager). For a different association, compare Greek lakhana, related to lakhaino "to dig."
[3] garden (n.) late 13c. (late 12c. in surnames), from Old North French gardin "(kitchen) garden; orchard; palace grounds" (Old French jardin, 13c., Modern French jardin), from Vulgar Latin *hortus gardinus "enclosed garden," via Frankish *gardo or some other Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *gardan- (source also of Old Frisian garda, Old Saxon gardo, Old High German garto, German Garten "a garden," Old English geard, Gothic gards "enclosure"), from PIE root *gher- (1) "to grasp, enclose." Italian giardino, Spanish jardin are from French.
As an adjective from c. 1600. Garden-party "company attending an entertainment on the lawn or garden of a private house" is by 1843. Garden-variety in figurative sense first recorded 1928. To lead someone up the garden path "entice, deceive" is attested by 1925. Garden-glass "round dark glass reflective globe (about a foot and a half across) placed on a pedestal, used as a garden ornament," is from 1842.
The term garden in Greek used to be called baxēs [from Turkish bahçe] or kēpos, an area usually adjoining the house, not larger than a few square meters were seasonal plants and groceries were being cultivated for domestic consumption.
fruit (n.) late 12c., "any vegetable product useful to humans or animals," from Old French fruit "fruit, fruit eaten as dessert; harvest; virtuous action" (12c.), from Latin fructus "an enjoyment, delight, satisfaction; proceeds, produce, fruit, crops," from frug-, stem of frui "to use, enjoy," from suffixed form of PIE root *bhrug- "to enjoy," with derivatives referring to agricultural products. The Latin word also is the source of Spanish fruto, Italian frutto, German Frucht, Swedish frukt-.
late Old English orceard "fruit garden; piece of ground, usually enclosed, devoted to the culture of fruit-trees," also for meeting, recreation, etc., earlier ortgeard, perhaps reduced from wortgeard, from wort (Old English wyrt "vegetable, plant root") + geard "garden, yard" (also "vegetable garden" until 15c.); see yard (n.1). The first element would have been influenced in Middle English by Latin hortus(in Late Latin ortus) "garden," which also is from the PIE root (*gher- (1) "to grasp, enclose") that yielded yard (n.1). Orchard-
[4] vineyard (n.) c. 1300, replacing Old English wingeard, from vine + yard (n.1). Compare German weingarten.
[5] pasture (n.) c. 1300, "land covered with vegetation suitable for grazing;" also "grass eaten by cattle or other animals," from Old French pasture "fodder, grass eaten by cattle" (12c., Modern French pâture), from Late Latin pastura "a feeding, grazing," from Latin pastus, past participle of pascere "to feed, graze," from PIE root *pa- "to feed." To be out to pasture in the figurative sense of "retired" is by 1945, from where horses were sent (ideally) after their active working life.
meadow (n.) Old English mædwe "low, level tract of land under grass; pasture," originally "land covered in grass which is mown for hay;" oblique case of mæd "meadow, pasture," from Proto-Germanic *medwo (source also of Old Frisian mede, Dutch made, German Matte "meadow," Old English mæþ "harvest, crop"), from PIE *metwa- "a mown field," from root *me- (4) "to cut down grass or grain." Meadow-grass is from late 13c.
prairie (n.) "tract of level or undulating grassland in North America," by 1773, from French prairie "meadow, grassland," from Old French praerie "meadow, pastureland" (12c.), from Vulgar Latin *prataria, from Latin pratum "meadow," originally "a hollow," a word of uncertain origin; de Vaan suggests PIE *prh-to- "allotted."
The word existed in early Middle English as prayere, praiere, but was lost and reborrowed in 18c. from Hennepin and other French writers to describe the fertile but treeless parts of the American plains.
[6] land (n.) Old English lond, land, "ground, soil," also "definite portion of the earth's surface, home region of a person or a people, territory marked by political boundaries," from Proto-Germanic *landja- (source also of Old Norse, Old Frisian Dutch, Gothic land, German Land), perhaps from PIE *lendh- (2) "land, open land, heath" (source also of Old Irish land, Middle Welsh llan "an open space," Welsh llan "enclosure, church," Breton lann "heath," source of French lande; Old Church Slavonic ledina "waste land, heath," Czech lada "fallow land"). But Boutkan finds no IE etymology and suspects a substratum word in Germanic,
Etymological evidence and Gothic use indicates the original Germanic sense was "a definite portion of the earth's surface owned by an individual or home of a nation." The meaning was early extended to "solid surface of the earth," a sense which once had belonged to the ancestor of Modern English earth (n.). Original senses of land in English now tend to go with country. To take the lay of the land is a nautical expression.
[7] terrain (n.) 1727, "ground for training horses," from French terrain "piece of earth, ground, land," from Old French (12c.), from Vulgar Latin *terranum, from Latin terrenum "land, ground," noun use of neuter of terrenus "of earth, earthly," from terra "earth, land," literally "dry land" (as opposed to "sea"); from PIE root *ters- "to dry." Meaning "tract of country, considered with regard to its natural features" first attested 1766.
[8] lot (n.) Old English hlot "object used to determine someone's share" (anything from dice to straw, but often a chip of wood with a name inscribed on it), also "what falls to a person by lot," from Proto-Germanic *khlutom (source also of Old Norse hlutr "lot, share," Old Frisian hlot "lot," Old Saxon hlot, Middle Dutch, Dutch lot, Old High German hluz "share of land," German Los), from a strong verb (the source of Old English hleotan "to cast lots, obtain by lot; to foretell"). The whole group is of unknown origin.
The object was placed with others in a receptacle (such as a hat or helmet), which was shaken, the winner being the one whose name or mark was on the lot that fell out first. Hence the expression cast lots; to cast (one's) lot with another (1530s, originally biblical) is to agree to share winnings. In some cases the lots were drawn by hand, hence to draw lots. The word was adopted from Germanic into the Romanic languages (Spanish lote, and compare lottery, lotto).
Meaning "choice resulting from the casting of lots" first attested c. 1200. Meaning "share or portion of life" in any way, "that which is given by fate, God or destiny" is from c. 1300. Meaning "number of persons or things of the same kind" is from 1570s (compare Latin mala merx, of persons, literally "a bad lot"). Sense of "plot of land" is first recorded 1630s, American English (distribution of the most desirable properties in new settlements often was determined by casting lots), then especially "parcel of land set aside for a specified purpose" (the Hollywood sense is from 1928). The common U.S. city lot was a rectangle 25 feet wide (along the street) by 100 deep; it was so universal as to be sometimes a unit of measure.
Meaning "group, collection" is 1725, from the notion of auction lots. Lots in the generalized sense of "great many" is attested by 1812; lotsa, colloquial for "lots of," is from 1927; lotta for "lot of" is by 1906.
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