Book | The Celali Effect in the 17th Century - Ottoman Transformation

Mavi Boncuk | The Celali Effect in the 17th Century - Ottoman Transformation

ISBN 978-625-7900-71-3

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This book aims to examine the effects of the Celali Revolts -a series of rebellions in Anatolia- in the 17th century Ottoman transformation period. The transformation period refers to a period in which the empire experienced important challenges and changes in military and financial institutions due to the effects of local developments and external events during the transition from the 16th to the 17th century. In this book, the effects of Celali Revolts are examined concentrating especially on demography and economy by using the concept of “the Celali Effect”. The short and long run effects of these revolts are examined by focusing on the regions Northern and Central Anatolia, which were heavily affected by these revolts. The destructive effects of the Celali Revolts are dealt with between 1576 and 1643 owing to the availability of the case studies and Ottoman archival sources namely, the mukataa defters (tax-farming registers), iltizam talepnameleri (records of demands for tax-farms), and mühimme registers (records of imperial decrees). Moreover, the reports and letters of the French Embassy are also used since they provide important information that one can use to follow the destructive effects of the Celali Revolts.

Oğuz Cabar was born in Bilecik in 1992. He graduated from the History Department of the Middle East Technical University in 2015 with a high honor degree. Again in 2015, he started his graduate studies at the Middle East Technical University, Department of History. He completed his master's degree with the thesis "The Celali Effect in 17th Century-Ottoman Transformation" written in 2018 with the scholarship of the Turkish Historical Society. Oğuz Cabar, who has been working independently in the field of early modern period Ottoman diplomacy and socioeconomic history, has been working in Bilecik Municipality since 2019.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

ACKOWLEDGEMENTS

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

• The General Crisis of the 17th Century
• The Ottoman Empire and the General Crisis
• The Celali Revolts and the Celalis
• The Celali Effect and the Sources
  • The Celali Effect
  • The Sources
    • Mukataa Registers
    • The Other Sources
• Outline of the Study

CHAPTER II THE OTTOMAN DEMOGRAPHY IN THE CELALİ YEARS

• The Celali Effect on Urban Population
  • An Urban “Population Pressure”
  • Inflation of Labour
  • The Reversal of “Labour Pressure”
  • Conclusion
• The Celali Effect on Rural Population
  • The Sources and Studies
  • Filling the Celali Gap
  • The Question of Lost Peasants
  • The Celali Effect: An Assessment on Rural Population
    • Drastic Decline: “A Demographic Crisis”
    • The Question of the Lost Villages
      • Amasya
      • Tokat
  • The New Celali Settlements
• Conclusion

CHAPTER III THE OTTOMAN ECONOMY AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY AND THE CELALİ REVOLTS

• The Celali Effect on The Rural Economy
  • Temporary Scarcity of Basic Foodstuff
  • Agricultural Production Crisis
    • Konya
    • Tokat
  • Conclusion
• Silk and Mohair Industry in the Celali Years
  • Bursa Silk Industry
  • Ankara Mohair
  • Conclusion
• The Adaptation of the Central Finance System
  • On the Transformation of Taxation
  • Shift from Tahrir Registers to Avarız
    • Mukataa Revenue Collection Problems
    • The Changing Conditions of Taxation
    • The Burden of the Celali Campaigns
• Conclusion

CHAPTER IV THE GENERAL CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

INDEX