Oldest source:[ Tıngır & Sinapian, Istılahat Lugati (1892) ]
Virus: virus[2] EN from LAT virus bir tur zararli mikroorganizma ~ Lat virus zehir
Oldest source: [ c (1936) : bunlar o kadar kucukturler ki komur filtrelerden de gecerler ve kendilerine suzulen Virus denmesinin sebebi budur. ]
Parazit: parasite [3] EN fromFR parasite asalak oldGR parásitos παράσιτος başkasının sofrasında yemek yiyen, oldGR para+1 sîtos σῖτος yemek
Oldest source: [ Mehmet Bahaettin, Yeni Türkçe Lugat (1924) ]
Bakteri: fromFR bactérie tek hücreli canlı fromLAT bacterium a.a. oldGR baktēríon βακτηρίον çubukçuk, bastoncuk oldGR báktron βάκτρον baston, sopa IE *bak similar to baget
Oldest source: [ Tıngır & Sinapian, Istılahat Lugati (1892) ]
[1] microbe (n.) popular name for a bacterium or other extremely small living being, 1878, from French microbe, "badly coined ... by Sédillot" [Weekley] in 1878 from Latinized form of Greek mikros "small" (see micro-) + bios "life" (from PIE root *gwei- "to live"). Intended to mean literally "a small living being," the use of bios is incorrect, as in modern science generally (see bio-); in Greek the compound would mean "short-lived."
[2] virus (n.) late 14c., "poisonous substance," from Latin virus "poison, sap of plants, slimy liquid, a potent juice," from Proto-Italic *weis-o-(s-) "poison," which is probably from a PIE root *ueis-, perhaps originally meaning "to melt away, to flow," used of foul or malodorous fluids, but with specialization in some languages to "poisonous fluid" (source also of Sanskrit visam "venom, poison," visah "poisonous;" Avestan vish- "poison;" Latin viscum "sticky substance, birdlime;" Greek ios "poison," ixos "mistletoe, birdlime;" Old Church Slavonic višnja "cherry;" Old Irish fi "poison;" Welsh gwy "poison"). The meaning "agent that causes infectious disease" is recorded by 1728 (in reference to venereal disease); the modern scientific use dates to the 1880s. The computer sense is from 1972.
[3]parasite (n.) 530s, "a hanger-on, a toady, person who lives on others," from Middle French parasite (16c.) or directly from Latin parasitus "toady, sponger," and directly from Greek parasitos "one who lives at another's expense, person who eats at the table of another," especially one who frequents the tables of the rich and earns his welcome by flattery, from noun use of an adjective meaning "feeding beside," from para- "beside" (see para- (1)) + sitos "grain, bread, food," a word of unknown origin. Scientific meaning "animal or plant that lives on or in and at the expense of another" is first recorded 1640s (implied in parasitical). There is scarcely any animal that may not or does not serve as the host of parasites, and some parasites are themselves the hosts of other parasites. ... Parasites form no technical group of animals, since representatives of almost any class or order, from protozoans to vertebrates, may be parasitic. Most of the leading divisions of animals, however, include some members, whether genera, families, orders, or even classes, whose habit is extensively or exclusively parasitic. [Century Dictionary][4] bacteria (n.) 847, plural of Modern Latin bacterium, from Greek bakterion "small staff," diminutive of baktron "stick, rod, staff, cudgel." So called because the first ones observed were rod-shaped. Introduced as a scientific word 1838 by German naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. The Greek word is from a PIE *bak- "staff used for support, peg" (compare Latin baculum "rod, walking stick;" Irish bacc, Welsh bach "hook, crooked staff;" Middle Dutch pegel "peg, pin, bolt"). De Vaan writes, "Since *b was very rare in PIE, and Celtic shows an unexplained geminate, we are probably dealing with a loanword from an unidentified source."
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