Izmir port built in 1875, at Sultan Aziz period since then Izmir has become most important port city in Anatolia. French M.R.Griffre Company had taken permission to build and to run first two quay of zmir, Konak Quay, Pasaport Quay and breakwater. First quay builds in Karıyaka in 1880’s (Karahan 2000).Below Griffre Maritimes Company photo. (Yılmaz, F. and Yetkin, S. 2003)
In 1875 Edward Baltazzi submitted a proposal to the Ottoman Government to operate vessels within and out the gulf creating a liaison with Karşıyaka, Menemen, Göztepe, Karataş, Urla, Foça, Çandarlı, Dikili, Ayvalık.
The concession required was for 25 years and the flag would have been Ottoman. However as the Government was engaged to develop their Aziziye Company with similar projects, Baltazzi received a reply that a temporary permission without exclusive rights could be only granted and this until Aziziye starts its services. The two parts did not come then into an agreement and this project was not realized.
Finally the famous Quais of Izmir were terminated in 1876 by the French Dussault Brothers Company allowing high tonnage ships to dock.
Leon Kontente in his book “Smyrne et l’Occident” gives the following products statistics of 1881 for the port of Izmir. (Source: Georgiades Smyrne et l’Asie Mineure)
Exports Imports
Raisins 26,75 % Cottons 26,42 %
Opium 14,31 % Wool 8,23 %
Valonias 13,89 % Cotton File 6,93 %
Figs 10,15 % Coffee 5,49 %
Various 34,90 % Various 52,83 %
U.K. was holding the first place in Export as well as in Imports, followed by France.
In 1883 Turkish and Armenian shareholders’ Hamidiye Company had established sea transport at thirteen quay (Karıyaka, Konak, Karata, Alaybey, Osmanzade, Bayraklı, Pasaport, Salhane, Hastane, Karantina,Göztepe,Güzelyalı Ve Readiye) with eight steamship (Girit, Terrakki, Gülbahçe, Hürriyet, Musavvat, stanbul, Güzel zmir, Karıyaka) (Yaşar Ürük 2000).
There were other proposals for the sea liaisons within the gulf, this of Uşakzade Sadik Bey and his partner Bergamalıyan as well as of Mahmut Celladedin Paşa, Zara Tahtayan and others. Finally Yahya Hayati Efendi obtained the concession and his Hamidiye Company starts in 1884 its services within the gulf. Jolly-Carmoly Company, which also had ships operating in the gulf, could not compete and sold its ships to Hamidiye.
French M.R.Griffre Company had voyaged outer gulf, Urla, Dikili, Foça quays after annulment of Hamidiye Company.
At the beginning of the XXth Century, there were 17 passenger lines, including the Hamidiye, already mentioned which owned 12 ships and also called to the distant ports of Urla, Foça, Karaburun, Ayvalık, Edremit and Mytilini.
After the Independent war (release of Izmir) French M.R.Griffre Company sold to Uakizade Muammer Bey then Atalay family bought in 1925 (Neer and Tekogul 1992). The firm named as Izmir Liman Isletmeleri Umum Müdürlügü in 1934. Firm becomes a division of Denizcilik Bank after the establishment of bank in 1938. Inciraltı Quay administrated by Devlet Limanları Umum Müdürlügü and Sur and Efes steamships joined to gulf fleet. Izmir bay transporting rights had given to Izmir Körfez Hattı by Türkiye Denizcilik Isletmeleri in 1964.
Alsancak harbor began to be build in 1954 and was taken in service partially in 1959 and finally in service 1967 (Kayın 2000). The fleet of Türkiye Denizcilik Isletmeleri had given to Izmir municipality in 2001 and named as Izmir Deniz Isletmeciligi Nakliye ve Turizm Ticaret Anonim Sirketi-IZDENIZ. Transporting rights has become free to any firm since 1986
Piers of Izmir
Rauf Beyru in his 19 Yüzyılda İzmir Kenti (The City of Izmir in the XIXth century) mentions in his article ‘Sea Transportation in Izmir’:
In the first half of the XIXth century before the introduction of steamers, Smyrna being a coastal city in close relation with the sea, sea transportation by tenders and kayıks had great importance. They were carrying goods from ships anchored in the gulf and many traders living and owning warehouses close the sea-front built private piers for this purpose.
In his research on the Frank Quarter Beyru lists the piers starting from the former St Pierre Castle (Liman Kalesi) going North as follows:
1- Saman İskelesi (Hay Pier)
2- Maltizlar İskelesi (Maltese pier)
3- Holland Pier
4- English Pier (close to the British consulate)
5- Baltazzi Pier
6- Fasoula Pier (close the French Consulate)
7- The New Pier (Yeni İskele) close to Gündoğdu
8 - Uzak İskele (the distant pier). Close the Punta.
However as from the very precious info from Bernadette Weiner we know that in 1864 the Baltazzi Pier was close to the old French Consulate and also had its own Café. The new French Consulate still standing was build in 1906 in its current location. We also know that Cafes were built-in to these Piers which would had been built as the later construction of quay and harbour facilities to cope with the increase of shipping traffic, made these piers somewhat redundant giving them new life as places of recreation and sometimes with tragic consequences when they collapsed (an example) and minimizing their importance as far as transport of goods is concerned.
See also: TheRole Of Industrial Design In Passenger Boat Building: Concept Design Of A Ferry For Marine Urban Transportation In Izmir Bay As A Case
A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences Izmir Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Industrial Design by Halis Haluk BAYKAL April 2006, IZMIR
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