Palyaço: clown[1], buffoon[2] EN; buffone, pagliaccio IT; clown forced to be funny despite breaking heart. [Ital. Opera: Leoncavallo, Pagliacci,[3].
From IT pagliaccio bostan korkuluğu [esk.], soytarı from L palliatus pelerinli, cübbelifrom L pallium eski Roma'da üst giysi, cübbe
Oldest Source:[ Ahmet Rasim, Şehir Mektupları (1899) : Neye benzer? Servet-i Fünun'un rivayetine göre palyaçoya ]
[1] clown (n.) 1560s, clowne, also cloyne, "man of rustic or coarse manners, boor, peasant," a word of obscure origin; the original form and pronunciation are uncertain. Perhaps it is from Scandinavian dialect (compare Icelandic klunni "clumsy, boorish fellow;" Swedish kluns "a hard knob; a clumsy fellow," Danish klunt "log, block"), or from Low German (compare North Frisian klönne "clumsy person," Dutch kloen). OED describes it as "a word meaning originally 'clod, clot, lump', which like those words themselves ..., has been applied in various langs. to a clumsy boor, a lout."
The theory that it is from Latin colonus "colonist, farmer" is less likely, but awareness of the Latin word might have influenced the sense development in English.
Meaning "professional fool, professional or habitual jester" is c. 1600. "The pantomime clown represents a blend of the Shakes[pearean] rustic with one of the stock types of the It[alian] comedy" [Weekley]. Meaning "contemptible person" is from 1920s. Fem. form clowness attested from 1801.
[2] buffoon (n.) 1540s, "type of pantomime dance;" 1580s, "professional comic fool;" 1590s in the general sense "a clown, a joker;" from Middle French bouffon (16c.), from Italian buffone "jester," from buffa "joke, jest, pleasantry," from buffare "to puff out the cheeks," a comic gesture, of echoic origin.
[3] Pagliacci ("Clowns") is an Italian opera in a prologue and two acts, with music and libretto by Ruggero Leoncavallo. It is the only Leoncavallo opera that is still widely performed.
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