Mavi Boncuk |
Çöp: tortu, posa, pislik TR from PE/oldPE çūb چوب dal, değnek, çubuk; garbage[1], rubbish, trash EN. Oldest Source: çöp "çıta, kebap şişi" [ Divan-i Lugat-it Türk (1070) ]
Cop: from PE/oldPE çūb چوب dal, sopa, değnek ; truncheon[2], baton, billy, night stick, club EN. Oldest Source: çob/çop "değnek, sopa" [ Meninski, Thesaurus (1680) ] cop "zabıta sopası" [ Ahmet Rasim, Şehir Mektupları (1899) : pusudakiler fırlayıp ellerindeki coplarla leng-fahte ve fengi-fer usullerini vurmaya başlamışlar. ]
Çamur: old ATR çap- "şap" sesi çıkarmak +mIr → çal-; mud, muck, mire, dirt EN. Oldest Source: çamur "aynı anlamda" [ Ebu Hayyan, Kitabü-l İdrak (1312) ]
Çukur: oldTR çuğur/çukur;
[1] garbage (n.) "refuse, filth," 1580s; earlier "giblets, refuse of a fowl, waste parts of an animal (head, feet, etc.) used for human food" (early 15c., in early use also gabage, garbish, garbidge ), of unknown origin; OED says probably from Anglo-French "like many other words found in early cookery books." In its sense of "waste material, refuse" it has been influenced by and partly confused with garble (q.v.) in its older sense of "remove refuse material from spices;" Middle English had the derived noun garbelage but it is attested only as the action of removing the refuse, not the material itself. Perhaps the English word originally is from a derivative of Old French garbe/jarbe "sheaf of wheat, bundle of sheaves," though the sense connection is difficult. This word is from Proto-Germanic *garba- (source also of Dutch garf, German garbe "sheaf"), from PIE *ghrebh- (1) "to seize, reach" (see grab (v.)). "In modern American usage garbage is generally restricted to mean kitchen and vegetable wastes" [Craigie]. Used figuratively for "worthless, offensive stuff" from 1590s. Garbage can is from 1901. Garbage collector "trash man" is from 1872; Australian shortening garbo attested from 1953. Garbology "study of waste as a social science" is by 1976; garbologist is from 1965.
[2] truncheon (n.) c. 1300, "shaft of a spear," also "short stick, cudgel," from Old North French tronchon, Old French tronchon (11c., Modern French tronçon) "a piece cut off, thick stick, stump," from Vulgar Latin *truncionem (nominative *truncio), from Latin truncus "trunk of a tree" (see trunk (n.1)). Meaning "staff as a symbol of office" is recorded from 1570s; sense of "policeman's club" is recorded from 1816.
[3] mud (n.) late 14c., mudde, "moist, soft earth," cognate with and probably from Middle Low German mudde, Middle Dutch modde "thick mud," from Proto-Germanic *mud- from PIE *(s)meu-/*mu- [Buck], found in many words denoting "wet" or "dirty" (source also of Greek mydos "damp, moisture," Old Irish muad "cloud," Polish muł "slime," Sanskrit mutra- "urine," Avestan muthra- "excrement, filth"); related to German Schmutz "dirt," which also is used for "mud" in roads, etc., to avoid dreck, which originally meant "excrement." Welsh mwd is from English. The older word is fen.
Meaning "lowest or worst of anything" is from 1580s. As a word for "coffee," it is hobo slang from 1925; as a word for "opium" from 1922. Mud-puppy "salamander" is by 1855, American English; the mud-dauber wasp was so called by 1856. The children's mud-pie is attested from 1788. Mud-flat "muddy, low-lying ground near a shore" is by 1779. Mud-room "room for removing wet or muddy footwear" is by 1938.
The expression clear as mud (that is, "not clear at all") is by 1796. To throw or hurl mud "make disgraceful accusations" is from 1762. To say (one's) name is mud and mean "(one) is discredited" is recorded from 1823, from mud in obsolete sense of "a stupid twaddling fellow" (1708). Mud in your eye as a toast is recorded from 1912, American English.
[4] pit (n.1) "hole, cavity," Old English pytt "water hole, well; pit, grave," from Proto-Germanic *putt- "pool, puddle" (source also of Old Frisian pet, Old Saxon putti, Old Norse pyttr, Middle Dutch putte, Dutch put, Old High German pfuzza, German Pfütze "pool, puddle"), early borrowing from Latin puteus "well, pit, shaft," which is perhaps from PIE root *pau- (2) "to cut, strike, stamp," but there are phonetic and sense objections, so perhaps a loan-word. Meaning "abode of evil spirits, hell" is attested from early 13c. The anatomical pit of the stomach (1650s) is from the slight depression there between the ribs; an earlier word for it was breast-pit (late 14c.).
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