See also : GEÇ OSMANLI İNŞAAT ORTAMINDA “BİNÂ EMÎNLİĞİ Oya ŞENYURT OSMANLI DÖNEMI İNŞAAT BELGELERINE GÖRE ANITSALYAPILARDA ÖRTÜ VE DUVAR SISTEMLERI İlknur Aktuğ Kolay
Osmanlı Dönemi Mimarlık Sözlüğü ISTILÂHÂT-I Mİ’MÂRİYYEISBN: 9789752565388
Celal Esat Arseven (1876 – 13 November 1971) From 1921 to 1941 he gave courses in Architecture History and Urbanism at the Fine Arts Academy. In addition to his duties at the Academy, he served as the Darülbedayi Directorate after 1923. In addition to his duty at the academy, he also worked as an architectural consultant in the city of Ankara between 1925 and 1927, besides Hermann Jansen. 2017
Mavi Boncuk |
Tuğla: brick EN[1]
[ Filippo Argenti, Regola del Parlare Turco, 1533]
tuulá: mattone cotto [pişmiş toprak tuğla][ Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatname, 1683]
taş binā ile ve kırmızī tuvla bir sedd-i metīn kalˁa etmişdir
from GR toúvla τούβλα pişmiş topraktan yapılan çatı örtüsü, kiremit ~ Latin tegula [küç.] çatıcık, kiremit Latin tegere, tect- örtmek +ul° IE *(s)teg- a.a.
Not: İng tile, Fr tuile, Alm Ziegel "kiremit" biçimleri Latininceden alıntıdır. Aynı IE kökünden Alm Decke, İng thatch "çatı örtüsü", Latin toga "dış giysi", tegumen "örtü, kabuk".
Kiremit: tile (roof) EN[2]
[ Mesud b. Ahmed, Süheyl ü Nevbahar terc., 1354]
kiremidi [tuğlası?] altun diregi gümiş[ Filippo Argenti, Regola del Parlare Turco, 1533]
chieremítt: embrice, tegolo [tuğla]
from GR keramídion κεραμίδιον [dim.] pişmiş topraktan yapma şey, tuğla oldGR kéramos κέραμος çömlekçi kili, pişmiş kilden yapılan çanak ve çömlek, tuğla +ion IE *kerə-mo- IE *ker-4 ateş, yakma
→ karbon
Beton: beton, concrete EN[3]Borrowed from French béton (“concrete”), from Latinin bitūmen (“asphalt”).
[ Tıngır & Sinapian, Istılahat Lugati, 1892]
Béton [Fr.]: temel harcı, dondurma taşı, beton.betonlaşma "betonarme binalarla dolma" [ Milliyet - gazete, 1972]
sahillerimizi betonlaşmadan kim kurtaracak?
fromFR béton her türlü duvarcı harcı, özellikle çimento harcı Latin bitumen 1. akçaağaçtan elde edilen reçine, 2. genelde reçine, zift, yapıştırıcı madde from Keltic *betu- akçaağaç. Alder tree EN. Acer is a genus of trees or shrubs commonly known as maple. The genus is placed in the Sapindaceae family.
Latin betula "akçaağaç" from Gallic.
Alçı: gypsum, plaster, stucco EN[4]
OTü: [ İbni Mühenna, Lugat, 1310]
alçuġ: al-caṣṣ [alçı]Çağ: [ Pavet de Courteille, Dictionnaire Turc Oriental, 1500]
alçu taşı: talc TartarTR: [ Filippo Argenti, Regola del Parlare Turco, 1533]
alcj [alçı]: gesso
OTü alçu sıva yapımında kullanılan ak toprak, talk, OldTR aşu boya yapımında kullanılan kızıl toprak, aşı boya
Sıva: gypsum, plaster, stucco EN[4]
TTü: [ 1477]
endūden [FA.]: Sıvamak, meselâ bal¬çığı ve bir sıvak nesneyi dīvāra veyāχod gövdeye (...) dūs-ger [Fa.]: Sıvacı.
TartarTR sıvağ sıvanan şey TartarTR sıva- +I(g)
Mongolian sibar "balçık, kil, sıva", Yakut sıbaχ "sıva".
Taş: stone EN[5]
OldTR: "... dikilitaş" [ Orhun Yazıtları, 735]
taş tokıtdım köŋülteki sabınım urturtum [taş diktirdim gönüldeki sözümü yazdırdım] OldTR taş
Mermer: marble EN[6]
[ Aşık Paşa, Garib-name, 1330]
yiri ak mermer döşenmiş düpdüzi
(AR/Persian marmar مرمر mermer ) GR mármaron μάρμαρον . old GR mármaros μάρμαρος parıldayan taş, old GR marmaírō μαρμαίρω parlamak, parıldamak; shine
Harç: mortarEN[7] Duvar örmeğe, sıva ve saireye yarayan kireç, kum ve saire mahlûtu.
χarc: (...) (tr.) bir şeyin imaline yarayan mevadd, kereste.
[ İbrahim Alaattin (Gövsa), Yeni Türk Lugatı, 1930]
"gider" [ Codex Cumanicus, 1303]
espensa - Fa & Tr: χarc ... espendo - Tr: χarc etarmen
"... vergi" [ Meninski, Thesaurus, 1680]
χarc: Proventus, reditus, pec. Regni [gelir, özellikle devlet geliri] &
Tributum [haraç, sorma-ver vergisi]
"... üretim ögesi" [ Şemseddin Sami, Kamus-ı Türki, 1900]
[1] brick (n.)
"rectangular block of artificial stone (usually clay burned in a kiln) used as a building material," early 15c., from Old French briche "brick," probably from a Germanic source akin to Middle Dutch bricke "a tile," literally "a broken piece," from the verbal root of break (v.).
Of a brick-shaped loaf by 1735. Meaning "a good, honest fellow" is from 1840, probably on notion of squareness (as in fair and square), though in English brick and square when applied to persons generally are not meant as compliments. Brick wall in the figurative sense of "impenetrable barrier" is from 1886. Brick-and-mortar (adj.) as figurative of "physically real" is from 1865. To do something like a ton of bricks "vigorously" is from 1929 (earlier thousand of bricks, 1836), probably from the notion of how hard such a weight of them falls or hits.
[2] tile (n.)
early 14c., from Old English tigele "roofing shingle," from Proto-Germanic *tegala (Old Saxon tiegla, Old High German ziagal, German ziegel, Dutch tegel, Old Norse tigl), a borrowing from Latinin tegula "roof-tile" (source also of Italian tegola, French tuile), from tegere "to roof, to cover," from PIE root *(s)teg- "to cover." Also used in Old English and early Middle English for "brick," before that word came into use.
[3] concrete (adj.) late 14c., "actual, solid," from Latin concretus "condensed, hardened, thick, hard, stiff, curdled, congealed, clotted," figuratively "thick; dim," literally "grown together;" past participle of concrescere "to grow together," from com- "together" (see com-) + crescere "to grow" (from PIE root *ker- (2) "to grow"). A logicians' term until meaning began to expand 1600s. Noun sense of "building material made from cement, etc." is first recorded 1834.
[4] gypsum (n.)
substance (hydrated calcium sulphate) used in making plaster, late 14c., from Latin gypsum, from Greek gypsos "chalk," according to Klein, a word perhaps of Semitic origin (compare Arabic jibs, Hebrew gephes "plaster").
plaster (n.)
late Old English plaster "medicinal application," from Vulgar Latin plastrum, shortened from Latin emplastrum "a plaster" (in the medical as well as the building sense), from Greek emplastron "salve, plaster" (used by Galen instead of more usual emplaston), noun use of neuter of emplastos "daubed on," from en- "on" + plastos "molded," verbal adjective from plassein "to mold" (see plasma). The building construction material is first recorded in English c. 1300, via Old French plastre, from the same source, and in early use the English word often had the French spelling.
plaster (v.)
"to coat with plaster," early 14c., from plaster (n.) and partly Old French plastrier "to cover with plaster" (Modern French plâtrer), from plastre. Related: Plastered; plastering. Figurative use from c. 1600. Meaning "to bomb (a target) heavily" is first recorded 1915. Sports sense of "to defeat decisively" is from 1919.
stucco (n.)
fine plaster used as a wall coating, 1590s, from Italian stucco, from a Germanic source (compare Old High German stukki "crust, piece, fragment"), from Proto-Germanic *stukkjam, from PIE root *(s)teu- (1) "to push, stick, knock, beat" (see stock (n.1)). The verb is attested from 1726. Related: Stuccoed; stuccoing.
[5] stone (adj.)
"made of stone," Old English (which also had stænan "stonen"); see stone (n.). As an intensifying adjective recorded from 1935, first recorded in African-American vernacular, probably from earlier use in phrases like stone blind (late 14c., literally "blind as a stone"), stone deaf, stone-cold (1590s), etc. Stone cold sober dates from 1937.
stone (n.)
Old English stan, used of common rocks, precious gems, concretions in the body, memorial stones, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz (source also of Old Norse steinn, Danish steen, Old Saxon sten, Old Frisian sten, Dutch steen, Old High German stein, German Stein, Gothic stains), from PIE *stoi-no-, suffixed form of root *stai- "stone," also "to thicken, stiffen" (source also of Sanskrit styayate "curdles, becomes hard;" Avestan stay- "heap;" Greek stear "fat, tallow," stia, stion "pebble;" Old Church Slavonic stena, Russian stiena "wall").
Sense of "testicle" is from late Old English. The British measure of weight (usually equal to 14 pounds) is from late 14c., originally a specific stone. Stone-fruit, one with a pit, is from 1520s. Stone's throw for "a short distance" is attested from 1580s. Stone Age is from 1864. To kill two birds with one stone is first attested 1650s. To leave no stone unturned is from 1540s.
[6] marble (n.)
type of stone much used in sculpture, monuments, etc., early 14c., by dissimilation from marbra (mid-12c.), from Old French marbre (which itself underwent dissimilation of 2nd -r- to -l- in 14c.; marbre persisted in English into early 15c.), from Latin marmor, from or cognate with Greek marmaros "marble, gleaming stone," of unknown origin, perhaps originally an adjective meaning "sparkling," which would connect it with marmairein "to shine." The Latin word was taken directly into Old English as marma. German Marmor is restored Latin from Old High German marmul. Meaning "little balls of marble used in a children's game" is attested from 1690s [7] mortar (n.1) "mixture of cement," late 13c., from Old French mortier "builder's mortar, plaster; bowl for mixing" (13c.), from Latin mortarium "mortar," also "crushed drugs," probably the same word as mortarium "bowl for mixing or pounding" (see mortar (n.2)). Dutch mortel, German Mörtel are from Latin or French.
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