Hak, Hukuk, Adalet seems like three different words and can be translated as right, law and justice. However they all mean the same. Take Law, Old English lagu, from Old Norse lag ‘something laid down or fixed,’ of Germanic origin and related to lay. Exactly as Arabic Hakk.
Mavi Boncuk |
Hak: Right EN (by law) [1] fromAR ḥaḳḳ حَقّ «yasaya, hakikate veya erdeme uygun olma», doğruluk, hakikat, yasallık Hebrew ḥuḳḳā חֻקָּה «(taşa veya metale) oyulmuş şey», yasa, ferman, kural Hebrew/Aramaic ḥaḳaḳ חקק oymak, (taşa ve metale) hakketmek )
Hukuk: Rights EN (by law) [2] "haklar (çoğul)" [ anon., Ferec ba'd eş-şidde, c.1451]
atamuŋ üzerüŋüzde haḳları vardır, ol ḥuḳūḳı yerine getirüŋ[ TDK, Türkçe Sözlük, 1. Baskı, 1945]
hukuk: 1. Kanun ve adetlerin bütünü. 2. Kanunlar bilimi. (...) 5. Ahbaplık, dostluk. 6. Kanunların cezaya değgin olmayıp alacak verecek gibi davaları ilgilendiren kısmı. 7. Haklar.
fromAR ḥuḳūḳ حقوق [plural] haklar AR ḥaḳḳ حقّ [t.]
→ hak1
Pre-1945 dictionaries always used it as a plural of hak.
Adalet: Rights EN (by law), Justice [3] ˁadālet [ Selanikli Mustafa Âli, Tarih-i Selanikî, 1600]
fromAR adāla(t) عدالة adillik, hak gözetme AR adala عَدَلَ denk idi, oran ve ölçülü idi, adil idi.
[1] [2] right (n.) Old English riht (West Saxon, Kentish), reht (Anglian), "that which is morally right, duty, obligation," also "rule of conduct; law of a land;" also "what someone deserves; a just claim, what is due; correctness, truth; a legal entitlement, a privilege," from the root of right (adj.1). Meaning "the right" (as opposed to the left) is from mid-13c.; political use from 1825. From early 14c. as "a right action, a good deed." Meaning "a blow with the right fist" is from 1898. The phrase to rights "at once, straightway" is 1660s, from sense "in a proper manner" (Middle English).
right (v.) Old English rihtan "to straighten, rule, set up, set right, amend; guide, govern; restore, replace," from riht (adj.); see right (adj.1). Compare Old Norse retta "to straighten," Old Saxon rihtian, Old Frisian riuchta, German richten, Gothic garaihtjan. Related: Righted; righting.
right (adj.1) "morally correct," Old English riht "just, good, fair; proper, fitting; straight, not bent, direct, erect," from Proto-Germanic *rekhtaz (source also of Old Frisian riucht "right," Old Saxon reht, Middle Dutch and Dutch recht, Old High German reht, German recht, Old Norse rettr, Gothic raihts), from PIE root *reg- "move in a straight line," also "to rule, to lead straight, to put right" (source also of Greek orektos "stretched out, upright;" Latin rectus "straight, right;" Old Persian rasta- "straight; right," aršta- "rectitude;" Old Irish recht "law;" Welsh rhaith, Breton reiz "just, righteous, wise").
Compare slang straight (adj.1) "honest, morally upright," and Latin rectus "right," literally "straight," Lithuanian teisus "right, true," literally "straight." Greek dikaios "just" (in the moral and legal sense) is from dike "custom." As an emphatic, meaning "you are right," it is recorded from 1580s; use as a question meaning "am I not right?" is from 1961. The sense in right whale is "justly entitled to the name." Right stuff "best human ingredients" is from 1848, popularized by Tom Wolfe's 1979 book about the first astronauts. Right of way is attested from 1767. Right angle is from late 14c.
[3] justice (n.) mid-12c., "the exercise of authority in vindication of right by assigning reward or punishment;" also "quality of being fair and just; moral soundness and conformity to truth," from Old French justice "justice, legal rights, jurisdiction" (11c.), from Latin iustitia "righteousness, equity," from iustus "upright, just" (see just (adj.)).
Justice is the end of government. It is the end of civil society. It ever has been and ever will be pursued until it be obtained, or until liberty be lost in the pursuit. ["The Federalist," No. 51]
Meaning "right order, equity, the rewarding to everyone of that which is his due" in English is from late 14c. The Old French word had widespread senses including also "uprightness, equity, vindication of right, court of justice, judge." In English c. 1400-1700 sometimes also with a vindictive sense "infliction of punishment, legal vengeance." As a title for a judicial officer, c. 1200. Justice of the peace first attested early 14c. To do justice to (someone or something) "deal with as is right or fitting" is from 1670s. In the Mercian hymns, Latin iustitia is glossed by Old English rehtwisnisse.
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