Kin: grudge[1] n. also: garez, hınç); kin [ Atebet-ül Hakayık, 1200]; kīne [ Mukaddimetü'l-Edeb, 1300] ḥased ḳılıştılar, kīneleştiler
from Persian kīn كين garaz, düşmanlık oldPersian kēn kan davası, öç = Avesta kaēnā- kan bedeli indoE *kʷoi-nā- indoE *kʷei-1 kan bedeli ödemek, kan davası gütmek
oldGR poinā (kan bedeli, kısas, cereme) Latin poena (ceza) EN punish, penal [5]. penaltı TR. Not to be confused with English word Kin [6].
Similar: kindar, kinlenmek
Nefret: TR; hate[2], hatred EN
[ Seyf-i Sarayî, Gülistan tercümesi, 1391]
"kaçınma, uzak durma" [ Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatname, 1680]
şehir halkı «bunlar taˁūnlu şehirden gelmişlerdir» deyü sizlerden nefret edüp ac u zāc kalırsız[ Meninski, Thesaurus, 1680]
(...) Usit. pro nefr: Aversio, fuga, abominatio [kullanımda nefr yerine, kaçınma, tiksinme]. from Arabic nafra ͭ نفرة [#nfr faˁlaͭ msd.] ürküp kaçışma, panik, kaçışan güruh Ar nafara نفر ürktü, ürküp kaçtı. Derivative nefer. Similar: menfur
Garaz: bgaraz [ Aşık Paşa, Garib-name, 1330] [ Meninski, Thesaurus, 1680]
ğaraz: scopus sagittariorum [okçu hedefi] & intentio, propositum [maksat, niyet] & item machinatio, passio animi, mala intentio, malignus affectus, odium, malevolentia [içten pazarlık, kötü niyet, nefret].
from Arabic ġaraḍ غرض [#ġrḍ faˁal ] 1. ok hedefi, 2. amaç, kasıt, özellikle gizli kasıt = Ar ġariḍa özledi, arzuladı, yokluğunu hissetti, elem duydu
Turkish use is in a negative sense.
Hınç: rage[3][ Ahmet Vefik Paşa, Lugat-ı Osmani, 1876] χınc. Esvattan [onomatope]. χıncāχınc: dopdolu.
hınç "öfke" [ Cumhuriyet - gazete, 1930]
halk kitleleri hınç ve intikamlarını almak istedikleri diktatörü ortada göremediklerinden
from Persian χanc خنج hırıltı, feryat, orgazm nidası
Not: 20. yy başlarında zuhur eden "öfke" anlamının kaynağı açık değildir.
Similar: hıncahınç Persian *χanc ā χanc خنج آ خنج bağırış çığırış from persian χanc feryat, özellikle orgazm çığlığı
Öfke: rage EN [3] ("act in an angry manner"); anger ("A strong feeling of displeasure, hostility or antagonism towards someone or something").
ETü: [ Irk Bitig, 900]
oglı ögintä kaŋınta öbkäläpän täzipän barmış [oğul anasına babasına öfkelenip kaçıp gitmiş]ETü: öpke "1. akciğer, 2. öfke, kızgınlık" [ Divan-i Lugat-it Türk, 1070] KTü: [ Codex Cumanicus, 1300] Opcha & öpkä: ira. Opchalarmen: irascor [öfkelenirim]. oldTR öbke kızgınlık
Similar: öfkelenmek, öfkelendirmek, öfkeli
Intikam: vengeance [4] EN[ Aşık Paşa, Garib-name, 1330]
from Arabic intiḳām إنتقام [#nḳm infiˁāl VII msd.] öç alma, öç Ar naḳama نقم öç aldı, hınç duydu
öç OldTü: öç/ööç "kin, intikam" [ Uygurca metinler, 1000] oldTR öç AsianTR höç
Acı: pain EN [7];oldTR: açığ "1. acı tad, 2. ağrı, sancı" [ Uygurca metinler, oldTR āçığ ETü āçı- acımak +Ig → acı-
Similar: acılaşmak, acılı, acımık, acımtırak, acısız
[1] grudge (v.) mid-15c., "to murmur, complain," variant of grutch. Meaning "to begrudge" is c. 1500. Related: Grudged; grudges; grudging; grudgingly. The noun is mid-15c., from the verb.
[2] hate (v.) Old English hatian "to hate," from Proto-Germanic *haton (cognates: Old Saxon haton, Old Norse hata, German hassen, Gothic hatan "to hate"), from PIE root *kad- "sorrow, hatred" (cognates: Avestansadra- "grief, sorrow, calamity," Greek kedos "care, trouble, sorrow," Welsh cas "pain, anger"). Related: Hated; hating. French haine (n.), hair (v.) are Germanic. Hate crime attested from 1988.
hate (n.) hete "hatred, spite," from Proto-Germanic *hatis- (cognates: Old Norse hattr, Old Frisian hat, Dutch haat, Old High German has, German Hass, Gothic hatis; see hate (v.)). Altered in Middle English to conform with the verb. Hate mail is first attested 1967.
odium (n.) c. 1600, "fact of being hated," from Latin odium "ill-will, hatred, grudge, animosity; offense, offensive conduct," related to odi "I hate" (infinitive odisse), from PIE root *od- "to hate" (cognates: Armenianateam "I hate," Old Norse atall, Old English atol "dire, horrid, loathsome"). Meaning "hatred, detestation" is from 1650s. Often in an extended form, such as odium theologicum "hatred which is proverbially characteristic of theological disputes" (1670s).
[3] rage (n.) c. 1300, "madness, insanity; fit of frenzy; anger, wrath; fierceness in battle; violence of storm, fire, etc.," from Old French rage, raige "spirit, passion, rage, fury, madness" (11c.), from Medieval Latin rabia, from Latin rabies "madness, rage, fury," related to rabere "be mad, rave" (compare rabies, which originally had this sense), from PIE *rebh- "violent, impetuous" (cognates: Old English rabbian "to rage"). Similarly, Welsh (cynddaredd) and Breton (kounnar) words for "rage, fury" originally meant "hydrophobia" and are compounds based on the word for "dog" (Welsh ci, plural cwn; Breton ki). In 15c.-16c. it also could mean "rabies." The rage "fashion, vogue" dates from 1785.
rage (v.) mid-13c., "to play, romp," from rage (n.). Meanings "be furious; speak passionately; go mad" first recorded c. 1300. Of things from 1530s. Related: Raged; raging.
furor (n.) "rage, madness, angry mania," late 15c., from Middle French fureur (12c.), from Latin furor "a ravaging, rage, madness, passion," which is related to furia "rage, passion, fury"
[4] vengeance (n.) c. 1300, from Anglo-French vengeaunce, Old French vengeance, venjance "revenge, retribution" (12c.), from vengier "take revenge," from Latin vindicare "assert a claim, claim as one's own; avenge, punish" (see vindicate). Vengeance is mine, ... saith the Lord. Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink; for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head. [Paul to the Romans, xii:19-20]
vendetta (n.) "a private war in which a kinsman wreaks vengeance on the slayer of a relative," 1846, from Italian vendetta "a feud, blood feud," from Latin vindicta "vengeance, revenge" (see vindictive). Especially associated with Corsica.
[5] penal (adj.) "pertaining to punishment," mid-15c., from Old French peinal (12c., Modern French pénal) and directly from Medieval Latin penalis, from Latin poenalis "pertaining to punishment," from poena "punishment," from Greek poine "blood-money, fine, penalty, punishment," from PIE *kwoina, from root *kwei- "to pay, atone, compensate" (cognates: Greek time "price, worth, honor, esteem, respect," tinein "to pay a price, punish, take vengeance;" Sanskrit cinoti "observes, notes;" Avestan kaena "punishment, vengeance;" Old Church Slavonic cena "honor, price;" Lithuanian kaina "value, price").
[6] Kin: From Middle English kin, kyn, ken, kun, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank, quality, family, generation, offspring, pedigree, kin, race, people, gender, sex, propriety, etiquette”), from Proto-Germanic *kunją(“race, generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”). Cognate with Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”), Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), German Künne, Kunne (“kin, kind, race”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön (“gender, sex”), Icelandic kyn (“gender”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry, birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of) small cattle”).
[7] Pain: Late 13c., "punishment," especially for a crime; also "condition one feels when hurt, opposite of pleasure," from Old French peine "difficulty, woe, suffering, punishment, Hell's torments" (11c.), from Latin poena "punishment, penalty, retribution, indemnification" (in Late Latin also "torment, hardship, suffering"), from Greek poine "retribution, penalty, quit-money for spilled blood," from PIE *kwei- "to pay, atone, compensate" (see penal). The earliest sense in English survives in phrase on pain of death.
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