Mavi Boncuk |
Saint Pierre Han (Sen Piyer Han) is a historic building in the Galata neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey. It’s located a block uphill from Bankalar Street at the corner of Eski Banka Street and Galata Kulesi Street.
Saint Pierre Han was built in 1771 by François-Emmanuel Guignard, Comte de Saint-Priest. It originally housed French interests in Constantinople including the French National Bank. From 1856 to 1893, it was the home of the Ottoman Bank. The building also hosted the Constantinople Bar Association, the Italian Chamber of Commerce, several architects, and a mustard factory.
There’s also a plaque commemorating the birth of French poet André Marie Chénier. He was born in a wooden house on the site on October 30, 1762. His father was a French diplomat and his mother a Greek. The family moved to France when Chénier was three years old and the house later burned down. If you look closely, you’ll notice the crest of the Comte de Saint-Priest adorning the building as well as the fleur-de-lis of the Kingdom of France.
François-Emmanuel Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest (12 March
1735 – 26 February 1821), was a French politician and diplomat during the
Ancien Régime and French Revolution.
Born in Grenoble, he was admitted as a chevalier to the Order of Malta at five years of age, and at fifteen entered the army. He left active service in 1763 with the rank of colonel, and for the next four years represented the court of France in Portugal.[1]
Reception ceremony of the Comte de Saint Priest at the
Ottoman Porte, by Antoine de Favray, 1767.M. de Saint-Priest with the Grand Vizier at the camp of Daud Pasha in 1769, by Antoine de Favray.
In 1788, after a few months spent at the court of The Hague, he joined the ministry of Jacques Necker as a minister without portfolio. He was one of three liberals dismissed from their posts when the conservative intrigues of the comte d'Artois (the king's youngest brother) and the duchesse de Polignac reached a climax during the second week of July 1789. That success, however, ended with the storming of the Bastille. In Necker's subsequent second cabinet, St.-Priest was reinstated as the secrétaire d'état of the royal household, the Maison du Roi. Later, in August 1790, he was also named by King Louis XVI as the Ministre de l'Intérieur.
As the French Revolution progressed, he became alarmed at the increase of the National Constituent Assembly's power at the expense of the King's royal authority. He became a special object of popular hatred when he was alleged to have replied to women begging for bread: "You had enough while you had only one king; demand bread of your twelve hundred sovereigns". Nevertheless, he held office until January 1791.[1]
Shortly after his resignation he went to Stockholm, where his brother-in-law was the ambassador of the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold II, to the Swedish court.
In 1795, the royal duchess Charlotte mentioned him in her famous diary as a suspected agent for the Russian Empire. According to the rumor, countess Ulrica Eleonora Rålamb was the lover of count Carl Mörner (1755–1821), who had a central position at the royal court and was well informed about classified state secrets. In parallel, she was also a close acquaintance of François-Emmanuel Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest, whose wife Constance Wilhelmine de Saint-Priest was well known to be a Russian agent i Sweden. According to the information of Charlotte, Rålamb acquired classified information from the well informed Mörner, and gave the information to Saint Priest, who in turn sent it to Platon Zubov, the favorite of Catherine the Great, in Russia.[3] The suspected activities were never officially investigated, however.
In 1795 he joined King Louis XVI's middle brother, the comte de Provence, at Verona as an émigré minister of the House of Bourbon. After the death of Louis XVI's son, the comte de Provence declared himself King Louis XVIII of France. Later, Saint-Priest accompanied Louis XVIII's exiled court to Blankenburg and Mittau. In 1808, in disagreement with the policies of Louis XVIII, he retired to Switzerland. After vainly seeking permission from Napoleon to return to France, he was expelled from Switzerland, and wandered about Europe until the Bourbon Restoration.
Return to France and death
François' nephew, Louis-Alexandre de Launay, comte
d'Antraigues (1753–1812), was a famous pamphleteer, diplomat, spy and political
adventurer during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars.
From the wealthy bourgeoisie Lyonnaise, the Guignards acquire the estate in the middle of the 17th century century and go for two hundred years transform the Château – inside as on the outside - without really settle there. Francois Emmanuel is the most illustrious; he evolved in the spheres of power for almost a year half century. At the age of 15 he entered the company of the Musketeers and becomes the king's bodyguard Louis XV. After two campaigns soldiers in Germany, he was appointed at only 28 years old ambassador to Lisbon, Constantinople then in Holland. Some suspected it even to be a Russian spy, because many times his negotiations have gave the advantage to Russia.
FRANCOIS EMMANUEL GUIGNARD, SAINT PRIEST Chevalier, then Comte De (1735-1821), French statesman, was born at Grenoble on the 12th of March 1735. He was admitted a knight (chevalier) of the Order of Malta at five years of age, and at fifteen entered the army. He left active service in 1763 with the grade of colonel, and for the next four years represented the court of France at Lisbon. He was sent in 1768 to Constantinople, where he remained with one short interval till 1785, and married Wilhelmina von Ludolf, daughter of the Neapolitan ambassador.
His Memoires sur l'ambassade de France en Turquie et le commerce des Francais dans le Levant, prepared during a visit to France, were only published in 1877, when they were edited by C. Schefer. After a few months spent at the court of the Hague, he joined the ministry of Necker as minister without a portfolio, and in Necker's second cabinet in 1789 was secretary of the royal household and minister of the interior. He became a special object of the popular hatred because he was alleged to have replied to women begging for bread, "You had enough while you had only one king; demand bread of your twelve hundred sovereigns." Nevertheless he held office until December 1790. Shortly after his resignation he went to Stockholm, where his brother-in-law was Austrian ambassador. In 1795 he joined the comte de Provence at Verona as minister of the household. He accompanied the exiled court to Blankenburg and Mittau, retiring in 1808 to Switzerland. After vainly seeking permission to return to France he was expelled from Switzerland, and wandered about Europe until the Restoration. Besides the memoirs already mentioned he wrote an Examen des assemblees provinciales (1787). His eldest son, Guillaume Emmanuel (1776-1814), became majorgeneral in the Russian service, and served in the campaigns of Alexander I. against Napoleon. He died at Laon in 1814. The second, Armand Emmanuel Charles (1782-1863), became civil governor of Odessa, and married Princess Sophie Galitzin. The third, Emmanuel Louis Marie Guignard, vicomte de Saint Priest (1789-1881), was a godson of Marie Antoinette. Like his elder brother he took part in the invasion! of France in 1814. At the Restoration he was attached to the service of the duke of Angouleme, and during the Hundred Days tried to raise Dauphine in the royal cause. He served with distinction in Spain in 1823, when he was promoted lieutenant-general. After two years at Berlin he became French ambassador at Madrid, where he negotiated in 1828 the settlement of the Spanish debt. When the revolution of July compelled his retirement, Frederick VII. made him a grandee of Spain, with the title of duke of Almazan, in recognition of his services. He then joined the circle of the duchess of Berry at Naples, and arranged her escapade in Provence in 1832. Saint Priest was arrested, and was only released after ten months' imprisonment. Having arranged for an asylum in Austria for the duchess, he returned to Paris, where he was one of the leaders of legitimist society until his death, which occurred at Saint Priest, near Lyons, on the 26th of February 1881.
Alexis Guignard, comte de Saint Priest (1805-1851), was the son of Armand de Saint Priest and Princess Galitzin. Educated in Russia, he returned to France with his father in 1822, and soon made his mark in literary circles. His most important works were Histoire de la royaute consideree dans ses origines jusqu'd la formation des principales monarchies de l'Europe (2 vols., 1842); Histoire de la chute des Jesuites (1844); Histoire de la conquete de Naples (4 vols., 1847-1848). He was elected to the Academy in January 1849. Meanwhile he had departed from the legitimist tradition of his family to become a warm friend to the Orleans monarchy, which he served between 1833 and 1838 as ambassador in Brazil, at Lisbon and at Copenhagen. He died, while on a visit to Moscow, on the 29th of September 1851.
Wilhelmine Constance von Ludolf (b.May 7, 1752 - d. January 12, 18070 [*]
Countess of the Holy Empire; Daughter of the Ambassador of Naples in Constantinople
Constance Wilhelmine de Saint-Priest (1752-1807), was a French countess. She was active as a spy and diplomat in Sweden. She was born to count Wilhelm Moritz Heinrich von Ludolf, Ambassador of Naples in Constantinople, and Catherine Chabert, and married the ambassador of France, François-Emmanuel Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest, in October 1774.
Parents
William von Ludolf, Reichsgraf von Ludolf/ Imperial Count von Ludolf (Ministre des Deux-Siciles à Constantinople); Catherine Chabert
Married in October 1774 in Istanbul, to François Emmanuel de Guignard de Saint-Priest (1735 - 1821), knight, count of Saint-Priest, Minister of the Interior, with
William Emmanuel
(1776 - 1814)
Anastasia Emilie
(1781 - 1861
Armand Emmanuel
Charles (1782 - 1863)
Louis (1789 - 1881)
Married to Axel von Fersen (1755 - 1810), colonel of the
Royal Swedish Regiment
[*] Birth, death: Editions ISIS 2003 - Drogmans et Diplomates européens auprès de la Porte Ottomane - Publishing - Marie de Testa & Antoine Gautier - - Original - page 228
During the French revolution, the couple left for Sweden, where they participated in high society. In the summer of 1794, they were banned from the Swedish royal court at Drottningholm Palace, as it had become known that they were given an allowance from Catherine the Great and assumed to be dangerous Russian spies. In the spring of 1796, the movement of Russian troops along the Finnish border gave rise to suspicions in Sweden that Russia was preparing war because of the discontent of Catherine the Great that Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden had been engaged to Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin instead of Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia. The Swedish government of Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm tried to negotiate with the Russian ambassador to Stockholm, Andrei Budberg, but without success. Constance Wilhelmine de Saint-Priest, known for her Russian connections, was thereby assigned through the Spanish ambassador to issue negotiations with Budberg and convince him to agree to informal negotiations with a representative. She succeeded, and Budberg med with Hans Henric von Essen at her apartment. The negotiations were successful. When Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden left for Russia for his engagement with Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia later that year, de Saint-Priest implied that it was due to her intermission that Sweden and Russia had agreed to avoid war through a marriage alliance.
Constance Wilhelmine de Saint-Priest was rewarded by Gustaf
Adolf Reuterholm by being admitted to court again and by having a position at
court secured for her current lover Aminoff. She died in Stockholm.
Guillaume Emmanuel Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest (4 March 1776, in Constantinople – 29 March 1814) was a French émigré general who fought in the Russian army during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.
He was the eldest son of prominent émigré diplomat
François-Emmanuel Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest (1735–1821), one of King Louis XVI of France's last ministers.
Guillaume Emmanuel became a major-general in the Russian army under Emperor Alexander I of Russia, and fought against the forces of Napoleon.[1] Some weeks before the Battle of Leipzig, he and his cavalry finally defeated the troops of French brigade general François Basile Azemar in the Battle of Grossdrebnitz. Saint-Priest was defeated and mortally wounded during the 1814 Allied invasion of France in the battle of Reims and died two weeks later at Laon.
Born in Grenoble, Guignard joined the army at the age of 15. After his mission to Constantinople he became secretary to the Royal household of Louis XVI and Minister of the Interior in Necker s second cabinet in 1789. Later, he apparently served Russia as a spy at the Swedish court before accompanying the exiled court of Louis XVIII to Blankenburg and Mittau. - The manuscript's editor, Comte Alexis de Saint-Priest (1805-51), was the grandson of François-Emmanuel. His father was François-Emmanuel s second son Armand-Emmanuel-Charles de Saint-Priest (1782-1863), also a diplomat who later became Governor of Poldolia and Odessa in Russia.
After his return to Paris, Alexis moved in literary circles, became a member of the Académie Française, and is mentioned in the preface of the original edition of the "Mémoires" (Calmann-Lévy, 1929) by the baron de Barante. Alexis de Saint-Priest entrusted the manuscript to Prosper de Barante as the basis of a biography published in 1845. - At the beginning of the 19th century this manuscript was still in the hands of a descendant of Barante's, who was responsible for the publication.
See also:Affaires étrangères. Correspondance reçue du consulat de Constantinople (1668-1708)https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/rechercheconsultation/consultation/ir/consultationIR.action?irId=FRAN_IR_003977
His eldest son, Guillaume Emmanuel (1776–1814) became a major-general in the Russian army, and served in the Napoleonic campaigns of Alexander I. He died during the Allied invasion of France in Laon.
The second son, Armand Emmanuel Charles (1782–1863), became the Governor of Podolia and Odessa in Russia, and married a Russian noblewoman, Princess Sophie Galitzine; their son Alexis Guignard, comte de Saint Priest later returned to Paris and was noted in literary circles.
The third son of François, Emmanuel Louis Marie (1789–1881), was a godson of Marie Antoinette. Like his older brother, Guilliame Emmanual, he took part in the invasion of France in 1814. Upon the completion of his military service years later, he became a diplomat and a leader of Legitimist society in Paris.
François' nephew, Louis-Alexandre de Launay, comte d'Antraigues (1753–1812), was a famous pamphleteer, diplomat, spy and political adventurer during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. Initially a supporter of the liberal ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire, both with whom he had studied, he turned against the Revolution after the arrest of the Marquis de Favras in 1789. When Favras was executed in February, 1790, d'Antraigues fled France and became an émigré. Later, he became a secret agent for both Louis XVIII and Alexander I. He was murdered in Great Britain in 1812 under mysterious circumstances.
Reintegrated into the king's household, he took part in the campaigns in Germany, Spain and Portugal, gained the rank of colonel, and was appointed (1763) ambassador to Lisbon, then to Constantinople (1768). He had to follow delicate negotiations between Russia and Turkey then at war, and contributed to bringing about the cession of the Crimea to Russia (1779). After another stay in France from 1785 to 1787, he went as ambassador to Holland, where he stayed only a few months. The Dutch insurgents having wanted to force him to take the orange cockade, he barricaded his hotel, endured an eight-day siege, and did not yield. He was then field marshal.
Roughly half of the manuscript covers these decisive years spent at the Ottoman court of Mustafa III and Abdul Hamid I, offering a history of French relations with the Porte, biographies of previous French ambassadors and envoys to Turkey, and a history of French commerce and navigation in the Levant. In spite of his long mission, Guignard clearly was not happy with his posting, complaining of the "faibles et ignorance da la Porte Ottomane", yet he shows a keen eye for detail as well as for the Ottoman Empire's manoeuverings within the broader context of European power politics. His famous portrait of Marie-Antoinette is found in chapter XIX of the manuscript (p. 271-291). His account continues as far as the year 1802, also including his time at the Russian court of Paul I and the last years of Catherine the Great, as well as his stay in Denmark and Norway.
Highly interesting autobiographical account of Guignard de Saint-Priest, a French politician and diplomat during the Ancien Régime and French Revolution, and of his diplomatic career. Appointed ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in 1768, he remained in Constantinople until 1785, with a single brief interruption in 1776/78, and there he married Wilhelmina von Ludolf. Roughly half of the manuscript covers these decisive years spent at the Ottoman court of Mustafa III and Abdul Hamid I, offering a history of French relations with the Porte, biographies of previous French ambassadors and envoys to Turkey, and a history of French commerce and navigation in the Levant.
In spite of his long mission, Guignard clearly was not happy with his posting, complaining of the "faibles et ignorance da la Porte Ottomane", yet he shows a keen eye for detail as well as for the Ottoman Empire's manoeuverings within the broader context of European power politics. His famous portrait of Marie-Antoinette is found in chapter XIX of the manuscript (p. 271-291). His account continues as far as the year 1802, also including his time at the Russian court of Paul I and the last years of Catherine the Great, as well as his stay in Denmark and Norway.
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At the beginning of the 19th century this manuscript was still in the hands of a descendant of Barante's, who was responsible for the publication. The present mid-19th century manuscript was probably copied from the original fair copy, as it contains pencil corrections in a different hand throughout and corresponds with important variants in the printed edition.
Biblography:
SAINT-PRIEST (François-Emmanuel Guignard, comte de), Mémoires. Règnes de LOUIS XV et de LOUIS XVI (t.1) et La Révolution et l'Émigration (t.2), Calmann-Lévy - Nouvelle collection historique, Paris, 1929, 2 tomes, 251 p. et 237 p.
(The memoirs of the Comte de Saint-Priest were published by Baron de Barante in 1929 in 2 volumes and then republished in 2006 by Mercure de France, Le Temps regained collection, under the direction of Nicolas MIETTON)
Guignard de Saint-Priest, François-Emanuel de The grave of François-Emanuel de Guignard de Saint-Priest at the Loyasse cimetière, Lyon. Picture by Androom (03 Dec 2007)Guignard de Saint-Priest, François-Emanuel de The grave of François-Emanuel de Guignard de Saint-Priest at the Loyasse cimetière, Lyon. Picture by Androom (03 Dec 2007)
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