What is a simple postcard. It tells many stories.
Mavi Boncuk |
Postcard from Rehovot to California 1915[1], posted at the Turkish post office in Rehovot, franked 10 Para Turkish imprint + 10 para stamps, to pay the 20 para postcard rate, cancelled by “Rehoboth (Jaffa) 20 1 15” postmark. On front framed rectangular “Military Censor 1” [2] cachet.
Date 20/1/1915
Postage Turkey 1914 issue postal card 10 para green (Birken 77, Michel P42)
Turkey 1914 issue 2×5 para brown overprinted “Abrogation of Capitulation” (Michel 252)
Markings
“Rehoboth (Jaffa) 20 1 15” postmark (Collins PM1)
“Military Censor 1” framed rectangular cachet
Place of Origin Rehovot | Place of destination USA
The postcard was sent by Yaacov Shlomo Khazanoff, one of the founders of Gedera, to his son Amram Khazanoff [3] who was a student at Berkeley University.(College of Agriculture, Degree). Amram Khazanoff was one of the 165 who received the bachelor’s degree on December 20, 1915, and was among the twenty-six who received “Honors”.
[The 2250 Fulton Street location is now a gas station]
[1] With the entry of Turkey into WWI, all foreign post offices were closed down.
The Turkish post offices continued to operate during the war until September, 1918.
[2] According to Steichle’s book The Osmanische Post in Palestine there were 25 different censor cachets for civilian mail during 1914-1917. Collins in his book The Ottoman post and Telegraph offices in Palestine and Sinai recorded 24 for Palestine proper. Some of these cachets have been in use for a few days only there were 25 different censor cachets for civilian mail during 1914-1917. Collins in his book The Ottoman post and Telegraph offices in Palestine and Sinai recorded 24 for Palestine proper. Some of these cachets have been in use for a few days only.
[3]Carton 14 Elwood Mead Papers | United States land settlement miscellany
Scope and Contents : Notebook containing material for 1923 Land Settlement Conference and other correspondence and miscellany; report of the Committee on Co1onization; Official Report to the Jewish Colonization Association; On Two Years' Experimental Work in Agriculture, by Amran Khazanoff; North Carolina--papers on rural credits; Land settlement miscellany.
See also:
Collins, Norman J.:
The Ottoman post and telegraph offices in Palestine and Sinai / Norman J. Collins and Anton Steichele. Transl. by Ernest C. Sterne. — London : Sahara Publ., 2000. — iv, 241 p. : ill. ; 31 cm (hbk.) + 1 suppl. ISBN: 1-903022-05-1
Engl. — With supplement: A valuation guide / George H. Muentz. 22 p. ; 21 cm (pbk.).
Filistin'de osmanli postalari 1840–1918 : cilt 2 ; Alexander koleksiyonu = Ottoman post in Palestine 1840–1918 : volume 2 / hazirlayan: Kemal Giray = editor: Kemal Giray Filistin'de osmanli postalari 1840–1918 : cilt 2 ; Alexander koleksiyonu = Ottoman post in Palestine 1840–1918 : volume 2 / hazirlayan: Kemal Giray = editor: Kemal Giray. — Istanbul : Türkiye Ekonomik ve Tuplumsal Tarih Vakfi, 2007. — [3], 171 p. : ill. ; 27 cm (pbk.)
ISBN: 978-975-8813-36-0 Turkish / Engl.
Filistin'de osmanli postalari 1840–1918 : kilt 1 Kudüs ; Alexander koleksionu = Ottoman post in Palestine : volume 1 Jerusalem ; the Alexander collection / Kemal Giray [ed.] Filistin'de osmanli postalari 1840–1918 : kilt 1 Kudüs ; Alexander koleksionu = Ottoman post in Palestine : volume 1 Jerusalem ; the Alexander collection / Kemal Giray [ed.]. — Istanbul : Türkiye Ekonomik ve Tuplumsal Tarih Vakfi, 2004. — [3], 80 p. : ill. ; 27 cm (pbk.)
ISBN: 975-8813-11-0 Turkish / Engl.
[4] Gedera was founded in the winter of 1884 by members of the Bilu group, to the south of Qatra. Gedera was established on a tract of village land purchased for the Biluites by Yehiel Michel Pines of the Lovers of Zion from the French consul in Jaffa, Poliovierre.[11][12] The first pioneers arrived at the site during the festival of Chanukah. In 1888, Benjamin and Mina Fuchs built Gedera's first stone house, later used as a Bnai Brith meeting house.[13] In 1912, a group of Yemenite immigrants settled in Gedera. During the British Mandate, Gedera became a popular resort due to its mild climate and fresh air. In 1949-1953, thousands of immigrants from Yemen, Romania, Iraq, Poland, Egypt, Morocco, Tunis, India, Iran, Libya, and other countries were housed in tent camps.
The land on which Gederah was established had once been owned by the Arabs of Qatra, who had lost it due to debts.[10] They were cultivating it as tenant farmers when the Jewish owners arrived and resented the intrusion onto what they still thought of as their land. According to another account, the land was actually owned by Qatra, but had been assigned by the government to the nearby village of Mughar when Qatra disclaimed ownership to avoid a certain murder charge. Mughar then sold it to Polivierre, who sold it to Pines. This, and the close proximity of the two sites, led to poor relations between the communities that sometimes led to violent clashes.[10] Israel Belkind, a member of Bilu, described Gedera's relationship with its Arab neighbors as among the worst in all the settlements. Haim Hissin, also a Bilu member, criticized the Arabs for their provocative behavior, but also blamed the Jews for being unfair and arrogant.[10]
Qatra was depopulated by the Haganah on 17 May 1948. Gedera is in the Book of Chronicles I 4:23 and the Book of Joshua 15:36 as a town in the territory of Judah. Its identification with the site of modern Gedera was proposed by Victor Guérin in the 19th century, but was dismissed as "impossible" by William F. Albright who preferred to identify it with al-Judeira. Biblical Gedera is now identified with Khirbet Judraya, 1 km (0.6 mi) south of Bayt Nattif.
[3]Carton 14 Elwood Mead Papers | United States land settlement miscellany
Scope and Contents : Notebook containing material for 1923 Land Settlement Conference and other correspondence and miscellany; report of the Committee on Co1onization; Official Report to the Jewish Colonization Association; On Two Years' Experimental Work in Agriculture, by Amran Khazanoff; North Carolina--papers on rural credits; Land settlement miscellany.
See also:
Collins, Norman J.:
The Ottoman post and telegraph offices in Palestine and Sinai / Norman J. Collins and Anton Steichele. Transl. by Ernest C. Sterne. — London : Sahara Publ., 2000. — iv, 241 p. : ill. ; 31 cm (hbk.) + 1 suppl. ISBN: 1-903022-05-1
Engl. — With supplement: A valuation guide / George H. Muentz. 22 p. ; 21 cm (pbk.).
Filistin'de osmanli postalari 1840–1918 : cilt 2 ; Alexander koleksiyonu = Ottoman post in Palestine 1840–1918 : volume 2 / hazirlayan: Kemal Giray = editor: Kemal Giray Filistin'de osmanli postalari 1840–1918 : cilt 2 ; Alexander koleksiyonu = Ottoman post in Palestine 1840–1918 : volume 2 / hazirlayan: Kemal Giray = editor: Kemal Giray. — Istanbul : Türkiye Ekonomik ve Tuplumsal Tarih Vakfi, 2007. — [3], 171 p. : ill. ; 27 cm (pbk.)
ISBN: 978-975-8813-36-0 Turkish / Engl.
Filistin'de osmanli postalari 1840–1918 : kilt 1 Kudüs ; Alexander koleksionu = Ottoman post in Palestine : volume 1 Jerusalem ; the Alexander collection / Kemal Giray [ed.] Filistin'de osmanli postalari 1840–1918 : kilt 1 Kudüs ; Alexander koleksionu = Ottoman post in Palestine : volume 1 Jerusalem ; the Alexander collection / Kemal Giray [ed.]. — Istanbul : Türkiye Ekonomik ve Tuplumsal Tarih Vakfi, 2004. — [3], 80 p. : ill. ; 27 cm (pbk.)
ISBN: 975-8813-11-0 Turkish / Engl.
[4] Gedera was founded in the winter of 1884 by members of the Bilu group, to the south of Qatra. Gedera was established on a tract of village land purchased for the Biluites by Yehiel Michel Pines of the Lovers of Zion from the French consul in Jaffa, Poliovierre.[11][12] The first pioneers arrived at the site during the festival of Chanukah. In 1888, Benjamin and Mina Fuchs built Gedera's first stone house, later used as a Bnai Brith meeting house.[13] In 1912, a group of Yemenite immigrants settled in Gedera. During the British Mandate, Gedera became a popular resort due to its mild climate and fresh air. In 1949-1953, thousands of immigrants from Yemen, Romania, Iraq, Poland, Egypt, Morocco, Tunis, India, Iran, Libya, and other countries were housed in tent camps.
The land on which Gederah was established had once been owned by the Arabs of Qatra, who had lost it due to debts.[10] They were cultivating it as tenant farmers when the Jewish owners arrived and resented the intrusion onto what they still thought of as their land. According to another account, the land was actually owned by Qatra, but had been assigned by the government to the nearby village of Mughar when Qatra disclaimed ownership to avoid a certain murder charge. Mughar then sold it to Polivierre, who sold it to Pines. This, and the close proximity of the two sites, led to poor relations between the communities that sometimes led to violent clashes.[10] Israel Belkind, a member of Bilu, described Gedera's relationship with its Arab neighbors as among the worst in all the settlements. Haim Hissin, also a Bilu member, criticized the Arabs for their provocative behavior, but also blamed the Jews for being unfair and arrogant.[10]
Qatra was depopulated by the Haganah on 17 May 1948. Gedera is in the Book of Chronicles I 4:23 and the Book of Joshua 15:36 as a town in the territory of Judah. Its identification with the site of modern Gedera was proposed by Victor Guérin in the 19th century, but was dismissed as "impossible" by William F. Albright who preferred to identify it with al-Judeira. Biblical Gedera is now identified with Khirbet Judraya, 1 km (0.6 mi) south of Bayt Nattif.
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