Word origin | Iktidar, Koalisyon

Mavi Boncuk |

Iktidar: rule EN [1]
iktidar [ Sinan Paşa, Tazarrûname, 1482]
from Arabiciḳtidār إقتدار  kudretli olma, gücü yeter olma
kadir1
similar: iktidarsız, muktedir

1 general: potency’ potential, power, faculty, puissance, ability, virility, capacity, government, capability
2 Trade/Economic: power, ability
3 Law: competence
4 Politics: rulership, power, lap, competence From Latin potentia

Koalisyon: koalisyon [ Cumhuriyet - gazete, 1931]
sosyalistlerin de iştirakile bir koalisyon kabinesi teşkili
From FR coalition[1] siyasi ittifak, güç birliği; from  Latin  coalition; Lat coalescere, coalit- birlikte büyümek, TR, grow together EN (ağaç dalı) birbiri içine geçerek kaynaşmak +tion< Lat con+alescere yetişmek, boy atmak from Latin alere büyütmek IE val- yetişmek, büyümek TR; grow EN.

Adolesan: From FR adolescent büluğ çağına ermiş genç from Latin adolescens "büyümekte olan" from Latin adolescere, adult- büyümek, yetişmek Latin ad+alere beslemek, büyütmek; adolescent EN.

Proleter: Proletarian EN[3] hükümetin sovyet teşkilatı o suretle yapılmıştır ki bu teşkilatda proletarya sınıfı azamai derecede temerküz etmiş ve kapitalist sınıfı tarafından yetişdirilmiş [ Mehmet Bahaettin, Yeni Türkçe Lugat, 1924]

From FR prolétaire toplumun mülk ve sanat sahibi olmayan en aşağı tabakasına mensup kişi 1760 J. J. Rousseau, Fr. yazar. From Latin proletarius "yavrulayıcı", Roma'da toplumun en alt sınıfına mensup kişi From Latin prolescere, prolet- yavrulamak, (hayvan gibi) çoğalmak From Latin pro+alescere büyümek, yetişmek, artmak

[1] Rule (v.)  c. 1200, "to control, guide, direct," from Old French riuler "impose rule," from Latin regulare (see regulate). Legal sense "establish by decision" is recorded from early 15c. Meaning "mark with lines" is from 1590s. Meaning "to dominate, prevail" is from 1874. "Rule Brittania," patriotic song, is from 1740. Related: Ruled; ruling.

Regiment (n.) late 14c., "government, rule, control," from Old French regiment "government, rule" (14c.), from Late Latin regimentum "rule, direction," from Latin regere "to rule" (see regal). Meaning "unit of an army" first recorded 1570s (originally the reference was to permanent organization and discipline), from French. The exact number in the unit varies over time and place.
Ruly (adj.) "conforming to (religious) rule; amenable to rule, disciplined, orderly," reuleli; from rule (n.) + -ly (2).

Regulate (v.) early 15c., "adjust by rule, control," from Late Latin regulatus, past participle of regulare "to control by rule, direct," from Latin regula "rule" (see regular). Meaning "to govern by restriction" is from 1620s. Related: Regulated; regulating.

Monarchy (n.) "state ruled by monarchical government," mid-14c.; "rule by one person," late 14c.; from Old French monarchie "sovereignty, absolute power" (13c.), from Late Latin monarchia, from Greek monarkhia "absolute rule," literally "ruling of one," from monos "alone" (see mono-) + arkhein "to rule" 

Archon (n.) one of the nine chief magistrates of ancient Athens, 1650s, from Greek arkhon "ruler," noun use of present participle of arkhein "to rule," from PIE *arkhein- "to begin, rule, command," a "Gk. verb of unknown origin, but showing archaic Indo-European features ... with derivatives arkhe, 'rule, beginning,' and arkhos, 'ruler' " [Watkins].

Domination (n.) late 14c., "rule, control," from Old French dominacion (12c.) "domination, rule, power," from Latin dominationem (nominative dominatio), noun of action from past participle stem of dominari "to rule, have dominion over," from dominus "lord, master," literally "master of the house," from domus "home" (see domestic) + -nus, suffix denoting ownership or relation. Sexual sense by 1961.

Governance (n.) late 14c., "act or manner of governing," from Old French governance "government, rule, administration; (rule of) conduct" (Modern French gouvernance), from governer "to govern, rule, command" (see govern). Fowler writes that the word "has now the dignity of incipient archaism," but it might continue useful in its original sense as government comes to mean primarily "the governing power in a state."

[2] Coalition:  1610s, "the growing together of parts," from French coalition (1540s), from Late Latin coalitus "fellowship," originally past participle of Latin coalescere (see coalesce). First used in a political sense 1715.

[3] Proletarian: 1650s (n.) "member of the lowest class;" 1660s (adj.) "of the lowest class of people;" with -ian + Latin proletarius "citizen of the lowest class" (as an adjective, "relating to offspring"), in ancient Rome, propertyless people, exempted from taxes and military service, who served the state only by having children; from proles "offspring, progeny" (see prolific).

Proletarianism (n.) 1844, from proletarian + -ism.

Proletariat (n.) :also proletariate, "the lowest class," 1853, from French prolétariat, from Latin proletarius (see proletarian). In political economics, "indigent wage-earners," from 1856. Leninist phrase dictatorship of the proletariat attested from 1918.

Lumpenproletariat (n.) :1897, from German Lumpenproletariat (1850), from Karl Marx, who coined it to mean "rabble, poorest of the working class," from German lump "ragamuffin" + proletariat. Secondary sense of "boorish, stupid people" led to lumpen- being taken as a suffix meaning "unenlightened."